Nematophagous bacteria as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes.

Eissa, M. F. M.; Abd-Elgawad, Mahfouz M. M.; Askary, T. H.

doi:10.1079/9781780643755.0217

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Importance of biological control of pests is growing, and this is obviously reflected by considerable venture capital in research by multinational firms and also by their acquisitions of small biotechnology corporations with microbial product portfolios (Wilson and Jackson 2013). Bio-products containing antagonists of fungi and bacteria rank high among other bio-nematicides (Askary 2015a, b;Eissa and Abd-Elgawad 2015). As such nematicides represent living systems, a number of difficulties exist to develop commercial bio-nematicidal products.…”

Section: Brinjalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal and bacterial nematicides in integrated nematode management strategies

Abd-Elgawad

Askary

2018

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

116

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Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a serious threat to quantitative and qualitative production of many economic crops worldwide. An average worldwide crop loss of 12.6% (equaled $215.77 billion) annually has been estimated due to these nematodes for only the top 20 life-sustaining crops. Due to the growing dissatisfaction with hazards of chemical nematicides, interest in microbial control of PPNs is increasing and biological nematicides are becoming an important component of environmentally friendly management systems. Fungal and bacterial nematicides rank high among other biocontrol agents. In order to maximize their benefits, such bio-nematicides can be included in integrated nematode management (INM) programs, and ways that make them complimentary or superior to chemical nematode management methods were highlighted. This is especially important where bio-nematicides can act synergistically or additively with other agricultural inputs in integrated pest management programs. Consolidated use of bio-nematicides and other pesticides should be practiced on a wider basis. This is especially important, since there are many bio-nematicides which are or are likely to become widely available soon. Identification of research priorities for harnessing fungal and bacterial nematicides in sustainable agriculture as well as understanding of their ecology, biology, mode of action, and interaction with other agricultural inputs is still needed. Therefore, accessible fungal and bacterial nematicides with their comprehensive references and relevant information, i.e., the active ingredient, product name, type of formulation, producer, targeted nematode species and crop, and country of origin, are summarized herein.

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Section: Brinjalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal and bacterial nematicides in integrated nematode management strategies

Abd-Elgawad

Askary

2018

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

116

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“…have a considerable effect as biocontrol agents on plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and on root colonization, multiple modes of action, and promising ability to sporulate under stressed conditions (Kavitha et al 2012). Nematophagous bacteria as biocontrol agents of PPNs were recently reviewed (Eissa and Abd-Elgawad 2015). Abd-El-Khair et al (2016) showed that eight selected isolates of Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea

et al. 2019

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Background: Due to the fact that chemical nematicides frequently cause environmental pollution and toxic hazards to human, plants, and domestic animals, certain biocontrol agents of environmentally and toxicologically safe properties and secure to human and animals were tested against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea. Objective: The protective effect of two isolates of Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, or Pseudomonas fluorescens on M. incognita reproductive parameters infecting cowpea was examined, and consequently, plant growth and yield parameters were investigated. The nematicide, Furadan (10% G) was, also, included in this study for comparison. Results: Bacillus subtilis (Bs 2) recorded the highest average total percentage reduction (82%) of M. incognita reproductive parameters followed by B. pumilus Bp 2 (81.8%). Also, Carbofuran 10% recorded the highest average total percentage reduction (76.5%) in terms of numbers of second-stage juveniles (J 2) in plant roots and soil as well as nematode galls and eggmasses compared to the untreated check. The highest total average percentage plant growth increase (99%) was obtained by B. pumilus (Bp1), but B. subtilis (Bs2) and medium recorded 26.3 and 12.8% only, respectively. P. fluorescens (Pf 1) scored the highest yield increase (97%) followed by Pf2 (63.8%). Number of bacterial nodules showed the highest percentage increase (78%) by P. fluorescens (Pf 2). B. pumilus (Bp 1) caused the highest increase of phenolic compound contents followed by P. fluorescens (Pf 1). The nematicide Carbofuran 10% G was the first in increasing soluble protein contents followed by P. fluorescens (Pf 1). Bacillus pumilus (Bp 1) caused the highest total contents of photosynthetic pigments followed by P. fluorescens (Pf 1) and (Pf 2). Conclusions: The tested biocontrol agents could achieve various degrees of M. incognita control on cowpea under screen house conditions with consequent increase in cowpea growth and yield parameters. These bacterial isolates need to be studied under different field conditions for confirmation.

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“…Previously, Molinari et al [77] reported no effects on CAT activity in nematode-susceptible cultivars. Contrarily, Eissa et al [78] suggested that nematode-resistant cultivars without inoculation had a higher concentration of CAT than susceptible cultivars. This contradiction might be due to the fact that the nematode population did not reach a certain level where CAT activity could be highly reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidative Defense Responses of Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars after Co-Infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

Maqsood

Kamran

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) and the nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) are destructive pathogens that cause substantial yield losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops worldwide. The present study sought to elucidate the physiological, biochemical, and cytological responses of tomato cultivars (Gailing maofen 802 and Zhongza 09) by root invasion of Fo (1 × 105 CFUmL−1) and Mi (1500 second-stage juveniles (J2) alone and in combination after 14 days. Results revealed that combined inoculation of Fo and Mi significantly increased disease intensity, electrolyte leakage, and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents; and decreased photosynthetic capacity and enzyme activity in both cultivars as compared to their solo inoculation. Increasing the disease intensity reduced the maximum morphological traits, such as shoot length, total dry weight, and total chlorophyll contents, in G. maofen 802 (by 32%, 54.2%, and 52.3%, respectively) and Zhongza 09 (by 18%, 32%, and 21%, respectively) as compared to the control. Others factors were also reduced in G. maofen 802 and Zhongza 09, such as photosynthetic capacity (by 70% and 57%, respectively), stomatal conductance (by 86% and 70%, respectively), photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (YII) (by 36.6% and 29%, respectively), and electron transport rate (by 17.7% and 10%, respectively), after combined inoculation of Fo and Mi. Furthermore, the combined infestation of Fo and Mi resulted in reduced activity of plant-defense-related antioxidants in G. maofen 802 compared with their single application or control. However, these antioxidants were highly up-regulated in Zhongza 09 (by 59%–93%), revealing the induction of tolerance against studied pathogens. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results further demonstrated that root cells of Zhongza 09 had unique tetrahedral crystal-like structures in the membrane close to mitochondria under all treatments except control. Therefore, it is concluded that Mi caused severe root damage, suppressed plant growth, depleted antioxidants, and caused high generation of ROS in the presence of Fo as compared to its solo inoculation. Tolerant cultivars adopted different mechanistic strategies at the structural and cellular levels to tolerate the Mi and Fo stresses.

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Nematophagous bacteria as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes.

Abstract: This chapter focuses on live bacterial action towards the plant parasitic nematodes and their economically important host plants. Recent advances used in this field as a background to support future research is also considered.

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Fungal and bacterial nematicides in integrated nematode management strategies

Fungal and bacterial nematicides in integrated nematode management strategies

Protective effect of Bacillus subtilis, B. pumilus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea

Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidative Defense Responses of Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars after Co-Infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

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