Neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Ajuga pseudoiva leaves

Acute and chronic toxicological studies of Ajuga iva in experimental animals

“…The toxicity and the lethality of the AI-extract may be due to any one or more of the phytochemicals present in the crude aqueous extract, some of which have been isolated and identified (Ikan and Ravid, 1971;Khafagy et al, 1979;Sabri et al, 1981;Ghedira et al, 1991;Wessner et al, 1992;Ben Jannet et al, 1997; and the references quoted earlier). Since, phytotoxicity usually exists at the level of the genus, the toxic effects observed may also be due to yet unidentified additional phytochemicals in AI, which have been isolated from other plants of genus Ajuga (Camps et al, 1987;Shimomura et al, 1987;Shen et al, 1993;Beauchamp et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1996;Terahara et al, 1996;Bremner et al, 1998;Malakov and Papanov, 1998;Takasaki et al, 1998;Ben Jannet et al, 1999;Cantrell et al, 1999;Khan et al, 1999;Nawaz et al, 1999;Fujimoto et al, 2000;Ben Jannet et al, 2000;Konoshima et al, 2000;Terahara et al, 2001).…”

neo-Clerodane diterpenoids from Ajuga: structural elucidation and biological activity

“…Conversely, in the X-ray report for lupulin A (although this name is not used in the paper, and the used ones are of questionable accuracy) the formula shown now is 15b-methoxydihydroajugapitin as ent-neo-clerodane, but in the corresponding view with displacement ellipsoids the structure appears as the enantiomeric neo-clerodane 15a-methoxy compound (Chen et al 1997). Later on, lupulin A was isolated once more and reported as the neo-clerodane 15b-methoxydihydroajugapitin on the basis of the NMR relationship with hativene A (Ben Jannet et al 1999 Although the statement ''Lupulin B (C-15 epimer of Lupulin A)...'' (Ben Jannet et al 1999) should be changed to ''Lupulin B (displaying at the C-15 stereogenic centre the opposite configuration of Lupulin A...''), the paper results brought up a second conflicting issue in the literature, namely the reported (or unreported) stereochemistry at the C-15 position of hemiacetal derivatives, and prompted a proposal for reversal of the previously assigned stereochemistries at that position for lupulin A (change from b to a) and B (change from a to b) as well as for clerodinins A and B. Thus, H-11 appearing at ca.…”

“…The compound should be lupulin A, but neither this name was used, nor bioassay results were reported. Preliminary biological tests for hativenes A-C showed high anti-bacterial activities towards P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium according to the introduction of the paper on the structural elucidation (Ben Jannet et al 1999). Phytochem Rev (2008 …”

“…bold = new compound; bold italics = first report in Ajuga of known compound 2. references identified by means of only first author's name 3. papers on X-ray analysis of derivatives are included a Previously reported compounds, first isolation in this species (only if two or more entries) b C-15 structural assignment revised(Ben Jannet 1999) …”

Phytochemical and biological properties of <i>ajuga decumbens</i> (labiatae): A review

“…Among them, diterpenes and iridoid glycosides are predominant. Neo-clerodane diterpenes mostly show insecticidal [14,15], antibacterial [16,17], antimalarial [18], and anticancer activities [19]. In 1989, eight compounds, named Ajugacumbins A, B, C, D (1 -4), Ajugamarins A2, G1, H1 and F4 (5 -8), were isolated from the ethanol extract of A. decumbens [20,21 ].…”