Neo-sex Chromosomes in the Maculipennis Species Group (Dichroplus: Acrididae, Melanoplinae): The Cases of D. maculipennis and D. vittigerum

Castillo, Elio Rodrigo Daniel; Taffarel, Alberto; Mariottini, Yanina; Fernández-Arhex, Valeria; Martí, Dardo A.; Bidau, Claudio J.

doi:10.2108/zs150165

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In most cases, a centric fusion between the sex chromosome and an autosome is the mechanism responsible that leads to neo‐sex chromosomes. In Acridoidea, the hypothesis widely accepted to explain their formation is also a centric fusion of the X chromosome from the X0♂/XX♀ sex chromosome system with an autosome (Mesa et al ., ; Bidau & Marti, ; Castillo et al ., ,b; Castillo et al ., ; Palacios‐Gimenez et al ., ). The optimization of the character ‘mechanisms that lead neo‐sex chromosome determination system formation’ on the combined ML topology suggests X‐A centric fusion (the classical hypothesis) is the responsible rearrangement involved in neo‐sex chromosome formation, which has persisted in most Ronderosia species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This centric fusion has resulted in a metacentric neo‐X chromosome, while the homologue of the fused autosome produced a telocentric neo‐Y (White, ,b, ). The cytogenetic analysis of several species of Dichroplini revealed that similar characteristics to those observed in autosomes, not involved in rearrangement, persist in the XR arm of the neo‐X (Mesa et al ., ; Castillo et al ., ,b, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromosome evolution and phylogeny in Ronderosia (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae): clues of survivors to the challenge of sympatry?

Castillo

Martí

Maronna

et al. 2018

Systematic Entomology

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In an attempt to unveil the origin of neo-sex chromosomes in Ronderosia Cigliano grasshoppers, we performed a combined phylogenetic analysis based on morphological (external morphology and male genitalia) and molecular data (COI, COII, 16S and ITS2) to explore the chromosome evolution within the genus. We also analysed the distributional patterns of the various Ronderosia species and considered the possible role of chromosome rearrangements (CRs) in speciation processes within the genus in the light of 'suppressed-recombination' models. We mapped the states of three chromosomal characters on the combined tree topology. The combined evidence supported Ronderosia as a monophyletic group. The cytogenetic analyses of the genus demonstrated the importance of rearranged karyotypes with single, complex and multiples neo-sex chromosome determination systems in all species. The chromosome character optimisation suggests X-autosome centric fusion as the mechanism responsible for neo-sex chromosome formation in most Ronderosia species, except in R. dubia and R. bergii. Similar autosomes were involved in fusions with the ancestral X chromosome in Ronderosia, supporting previous hypotheses on the unique origin of X-autosome fusion for the sex chromosome in the genus. As a source of chromosome variation, autosome-autosome centric fusion played a secondary role in Ronderosia compared with other Dichroplini. Given the homogeneity in the morphological features, the sympatric distribution of closely related species and the intrinsic property of centric fusion as suppressors of the crossing over, we suggest that CRs may have played a key role during the speciation process within Ronderosia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome evolution and phylogeny in Ronderosia (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae): clues of survivors to the challenge of sympatry?

Castillo

Martí

Maronna

et al. 2018

Systematic Entomology

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“…elongatus group analyzed here shared several taxonomic characters [ 4 , 39 ], and at the chromosomal level show slight variations due to the occurrence of chromosome rearrangements compared with the D . maculipennis species group [ 6 , 40 ]. Despite the standard male chromosome number (2n = 23) observed in the species analyzed here, we noticed a diversification pattern concerning the multigene family genes, probably caused by micro chromosomal rearrangements that led to the divergence of the chromosomal markers employed in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cases of chromosome variation in number (2n) and chromosome morphology (FN = the number of chromosome arms including the X chromosome) are recorded for the D . maculipennis species group [ 6 ]. In fact, comprehensive cytogenetic studies in this species group regarding population cytogenetics ( D .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny and chromosomal diversification in the Dichroplus elongatus species group (Orthoptera, Melanoplinae)

et al. 2017

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In an attempt to track the chromosomal differentiation in the Dichroplus elongatus species group, we analyzed the karyotypes of four species with classical cytogenetic and mapping several multigene families through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). We improved the taxon sampling of the D. elongatus species group adding new molecular data to infer the phylogeny of the genus and reconstruct the karyotype evolution. Our molecular analyses recovered a fully resolved tree with no evidence for the monophyly of Dichroplus. However, we recovered several stable clades within the genus, including the D. elongatus species group, under the different strategies of tree analyses (Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood). The chromosomal data revealed minor variation in the D. elongatus species group’s karyotypes caused by chromosome rearrangements compared to the phylogenetically related D. maculipennis species group. The karyotypes of D. intermedius and D. exilis described herein showed the standard characteristics found in most Dichroplini, 2n = 23/24, X0♂ XX♀, Fundamental number (FN) = 23/24. However, we noticed two established pericentric inversions in D. intermedius karyotype, raising the FN to 27♂/28♀. A strong variation in the heterochromatic blocks distribution was evidenced at interespecific level. The multigene families’ mapping revealed significant variation, mainly in rDNA clusters. These variations are probably caused by micro chromosomal changes, such as movement of transposable elements (TEs) and ectopic recombination. These observations suggest a high genomic dynamism for these repetitive DNA sequences in related species. The reconstruction of the chromosome character “variation in the FN” posits the FN = 23/24 as the ancestral state, and it is hypothesized that variations due to pericentric inversions has arisen independently three times in the evolutionary history of Dichroplus. One of these independent events occurred in the D. elongatus species group, where D. intermedius is the unique case with the highest FN described in the tribe Dichroplini.

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New insights into the six decades of Mesa’s hypothesis of chromosomal evolution in Ommexechinae grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)

Santander

Cabral-de-Mello

Taffarel

et al. 2021

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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In Acridoidea grasshoppers, chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found as deviations from the standard acrocentric karyotype (2n = 23♂/24♀, FN = 23♂/24♀) in either phylogenetically unrelated species or shared by closely related ones, i.e. genus. In the South American subfamily Ommexechinae, most of the species show a unique karyotype (2n = 23♂/24♀, FN = 25♂/26♀) owing to the occurrence of a large autosomal pair (L1) with submetacentric morphology. In the early 1960s, Alejo Mesa proposed the hypothesis of an ancestral pericentric inversion to explain this karyotype variation. Furthermore, in Ommexechinae, extra chromosomal rearrangements (e.g. centric fusions) are recorded between the ancestral X chromosome and autosomes that originated the so-called neo-sex chromosomes. However, the evolutionary significance of the pericentric inversions and centric fusions in Ommexechinae remains poorly explored. Aiming for a better understanding of chromosomal evolution in Ommexechinae, we performed a detailed cytogenetic analysis in five species. Our findings support the hypothesis about the occurrence of an early pericentric inversion in the ancestor of Ommexechinae. Moreover, our results show a complex karyotype diversification pattern due to several chromosome rearrangements, variations in heterochromatin and repetitive DNA dynamics. Finally, the chromosomal mapping of U2 snDNA in L1 provided new insights about the morphological evolution of this autosomal pair and revealed unnoticed chromosome reorganizations.

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Neo-sex Chromosomes in the Maculipennis Species Group (Dichroplus: Acrididae, Melanoplinae): The Cases of D. maculipennis and D. vittigerum

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Chromosome evolution and phylogeny in Ronderosia (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae): clues of survivors to the challenge of sympatry?

Chromosome evolution and phylogeny in Ronderosia (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae): clues of survivors to the challenge of sympatry?

Phylogeny and chromosomal diversification in the Dichroplus elongatus species group (Orthoptera, Melanoplinae)

New insights into the six decades of Mesa’s hypothesis of chromosomal evolution in Ommexechinae grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)

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