Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass‐coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds

Abstract

In this study, the in vivo recellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass (n-BG)-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds were studied in a rat model and quantified using stereological analyses. Based on the highest amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by human fibroblasts grown on n-BG coatings (0-1.245 mg/cm(2)), decellularized trabecular bone samples (porosity: 43-81%) were coated with n-BG particles. Grown on n-BG particles at a coating density of 0.263 mg/cm(2), human fibroblasts produced 4.3 times more VEGF than on uncoated controls. After 8 weeks of implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, both uncoated and n-BG-coated samples were well infiltrated with newly formed tissue (47-48%) and blood vessels (3-4%). No significant differences were found in cellularization and vascularization between uncoated bone scaffolds and n-BG-coated scaffolds. This finding indicates that the decellularized bone itself may exhibit growth-promoting properties induced by the highly interconnected pore microarchitecture and/or proteins left behind on decellularized scaffolds. Even if we did not find proangiogenic effects in n-BG-coated bone scaffolds, a bioactive coating is considered to be beneficial to impart osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to decellularized bone. n-BG-coated bone grafts have thus high clinical potential for the regeneration of complex tissue defects given their ability for recellularization and neovascularization.

Bioactivity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Mechanism of Action

“…Additional extracellular responses may be produced by adsorption of bone growth factor proteins, such as plasma-derived transforming growth factor-β1, by the surface silica gel layer. Bioactive glasses have also been shown to promote angiogenesis by stimulating the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by human fibroblasts [60,61,64,95].…”

A review of the bioactivity of hydraulic calcium silicate cements

“…Bioactive glasses have also been shown to promote angiogenesis by stimulating the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by human fibroblasts. 58–61 …”

45S5Bioglass®-based scaffolds coated with selenium nanoparticles or with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/selenium particles: Processing, evaluation and antibacterial activity

“…These hybrid materials are made by combination of two or more biomaterials, with enhanced functionalities, in the form of polymer-polymer blends, organic-inorganic hybrids and polymer-ceramic composites [3,[9][10][11][12]. Recently, there is a growing interest in the application of bioactive silicate glasses due to their bone bonding ability and osteoconductivity [13,14]. In addition, these highly surface reactive materials exhibit osteogenic and angiogenic effects [13].…”

“…Recently, there is a growing interest in the application of bioactive silicate glasses due to their bone bonding ability and osteoconductivity [13,14]. In addition, these highly surface reactive materials exhibit osteogenic and angiogenic effects [13]. Structural 3D bioactive glass scaffolds with suitable interpenetrating porosity and mechanical stability have been developed in recent years [14][15][16].…”