Neogene Epeirogeny of Iberia

Conway-Jones, Benedict; Roberts, G.G.; Fichtner, Andreas; Hoggard, Mark

doi:10.1029/2018gc007899

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…For the inverse model, a value of λ s ≈ 1 produces a combination of suitable model roughness (a small “model norm”) and low rms misfit for Calabria (Figure 8a), which is similar to the optimal value used in many previous studies (e.g., Conway‐Jones et al., 2019; Roberts et al., 2018; Rudge et al., 2015). Therefore, our uplift analysis will initially consider inverse models with λ s = 1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Fault Throw and Regional Uplift Histories From Drainage Analysis: Evolution of Southern Italy

2021

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Landscapes can record elevation changes caused by multiple tectonic processes. Here, we show how coeval histories of spatially coincident normal faulting and regional uplift can be deconvolved from river networks. We focus on Calabria, a tectonically active region incised by rivers containing knickpoints and knickzones. Marine fauna indicate that Calabria has been uplifted by >1 km since ∼0.8–1.2 Ma, which we used to calibrate parameters in a stream power erosional model. To deconvolve the local and regional uplift contributions to topography, we performed a spatiotemporal inversion of 994 fluvial longitudinal profiles. Uplift rates from fluvial inversion replicate the spatial trend of rates derived from dated Mid‐Late Pleistocene marine terraces, and the magnitude of predicted uplift rates matches the majority of marine terrace uplift rates. We used the predicted uplift history to analyze long‐term fault throw, and combined throw estimates with ratios of footwall uplift to hanging wall subsidence to isolate the nonfault related contribution to uplift. Increases in fault throw rate—which may suggest fault linkage and growth—have been identified on two major faults from fluvial inverse modeling, and total fault throw is consistent with independent estimates. The temporal evolution of nonfault related regional uplift is similar at three locations. Our results may be consistent with toroidal mantle flow generating uplift, perhaps if faulting reduces the strength of the overriding plate. In conclusion, fluvial inverse modeling can be an effective technique to quantify fault array evolution and can deconvolve different sources of uplift that are superimposed in space and time.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Fault Throw and Regional Uplift Histories From Drainage Analysis: Evolution of Southern Italy

2021

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“…Huyghe et al, 2020). This uplift is consistent with the reconstruction of the evolution of river profiles suggesting a post-30 Ma incision of the whole of Iberia (Conway-Jones et al, 2019). In the absence of significant crustal shortening, the drivers of this post-10 Ma uplift are heavily debated.…”

Section: Geological Setting 21 Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It also indicates that Neogene erosion has been stronger at the foot of the Axial Zone than in the centre of the basin, which is consistent with a significant uplift of the Pyrenees relatively to the basin since 10 Ma (e.g. Conway-Jones et al, 2019;Calvet et al, 2020).…”

Section: Incision: Rates and Significancementioning

confidence: 60%

“…In the absence of significant crustal shortening, the drivers of this post-10 Ma uplift are heavily debated. They include changes related to increasing temperature in the asthenopheric mantle, regional scale mantle flow, lithospheric folding, or magmatic addition in the lithospheric mantle (Cloetingh et al, 2002;Boschi et al, 2010;Faccenna et al, 2014;Conway-Jones et al, 2019;Huyghe et al, 2020).…”

Section: Geological Setting 21 Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Pliocene-Pleistocene incision in the Ebro Basin (North Spain)

Regard¹,

Vacherat²,

Bonnet³

et al. 2021

BSGF - Earth Sci. Bull.

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The Ebro Basin constitutes the central part of the southern foreland of the Pyrenees. It was endorheic during the Cenozoic and accumulated sediments. By the end of the Miocene, erosion and river incision reconnected the basin to the Mediterranean Sea, establishing a post-opening drainage network. Those rivers left terraces that we study in this work. We first synthesize previous works on river terraces that are widely dispersed in the basin. We provide new age constraints, up to 3 Ma, obtained thanks to cosmogenic nuclides using both profile and burial methods. We derive a unified fluvial terrace chronology and a homogenized map of the highest terraces over the entire Ebro Basin. The dated terraces labeled A, B, C, D, and E are dated to 2.8 ± 0.7 Ma, 1.15 ± 0.15 Ma, 850 ± 70 ka, 650 ± 130 ka, and 400 ± 120 ka, respectively. The chronology proposed here is similar to other sequences of river terraces dated in the Iberian Peninsula, around the Pyrenees, and elsewhere in Europe. The oldest terraces (A, B, C) are extensive, indicating they form a mobile fluvial network while from D to present, the network was stable and entrenched in 100 to 200 m-deep valleys. The transition from mobile to fixed fluvial network is likely to have occurred during the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT, between 0.7 and 1.3 Ma), when long-period/high-intensity climate fluctuations were established in Europe. We estimate that between 2.8–1.15 Ma and present, the incision rates have tripled.

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“…For the inverse model, a value of λ s ≈ 1 produces a combination of suitable model roughness (a small "model norm") and low rms misfit for Calabria (Figure 8a), which is similar to the optimal value used in many previous studies (e.g., Conway-Jones et al, 2019;Roberts et al, 2018;Rudge et al, 2015). Therefore, our uplift analysis will initially consider inverse models with λ s = 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Fault Throw and Regional Uplift Histories from Drainage Analysis: Evolution of Southern Italy

Quye-Sawyer¹,

Whittaker²,

Roberts³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The evolution of normal faults has important implications for long-term seismic hazard, and changes in topography during the development of a fault array impact upon a range of factors including plate rheology and sediment routing (e.g., Cowie et al., 2017;Li et al., 2016;Marc et al., 2016). Techniques such as trenching and cosmogenic dating of fault scarps can constrain fault throw rates over time scales of ∼10 2 -10 3 years and can successfully estimate earthquake recurrence intervals (e.g., Cowie et al., 2017;Pantosti et al., 1993;Roberts & Michetti, 2004). Fault throw over longer time scales (>10 3 years) can be investigated using stratigraphic data and structural cross sections (e.g., Ford et al., 2013;Mirabella et al., 2011;Shen et al., 2017); however, a complete temporal and spatial record of throw rates may be limited by the absence of datable stratigraphy.Fortunately, fluvial networks provide an opportunity to overcome these limitations and constrain throw rate on the length and time scales that may be pertinent to the development of a fault array, i.e., ∼10 2 -10 5 m and ∼10 4 -10 7 years (e.g., Cowie et al., 2000;McLeod et al., 2000). Quantitative fluvial erosion models can elucidate tectonic changes without necessarily relying upon the stratigraphic archive, signifying their importance in low-mid latitude terrestrial settings where fluvial landscapes are ubiquitous. The morphology and erosion rates of individual rivers have been used to confirm the location of active faults, estimate increases in throw rate, and understand fault interaction or relay ramp development (e.g., Commins et al., 2005;Hopkins & Dawers, 2015). These studies have successfully shown that drainage morphology is sensitive to the evolution of individual fault strands. Nonetheless, active faulting rarely occurs in isolation from other tectonic processes (e.g., mantle flow, plate flexure, isostatic rebound), which often modify topography over larger spatial scales (e.g., 10 5 m). Therefore, separating the effect of faulting from the other factors that generate topography remains a wider challenge in tectonic and geomorphic research.

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Neogene Epeirogeny of Iberia

Cited by 26 publications

References 135 publications

Fault Throw and Regional Uplift Histories From Drainage Analysis: Evolution of Southern Italy

Fault Throw and Regional Uplift Histories From Drainage Analysis: Evolution of Southern Italy

Late Pliocene-Pleistocene incision in the Ebro Basin (North Spain)

Fault Throw and Regional Uplift Histories from Drainage Analysis: Evolution of Southern Italy

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