Neogene history of fluvial to shallow marine successions in the Kendari Basin, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

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Neogene sediment provenance and paleogeography of SE Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…The shallow marine Eemoiko Formation suggests that Mio‐Pliocene uplift was followed by a transgressive event that started in the Early Pliocene and continued at least to the Middle Pliocene (Figure 8f). This event is recorded by the landward‐indented shapes of the carbonate outcrops of the Eemoiko Formation (Nugraha, Hall, BouDagher‐Fadel, Todd, & Switzer, 2022). Offshore seismic lines also show the Mio‐Pliocene unconformity surface (Figure 3) is overlain by transgressive shallow marine carbonates (Camplin & Hall, 2014) that are the equivalent of the Eemoiko Formation.…”

“…Uplift of these rocks bounded by the Kolaka and Lawanopo Faults in the central part of the SE Arm blocked the pathway of ultramafic‐rich sediment from the north. Paleocurrent data indicate predominantly southeastward flow in the Pandua Formation (Nugraha, Hall, BouDagher‐Fadel, Todd, & Switzer, 2022). This blockage explains the significant sedimentation change to the quartz‐rich Plio‐Pleistocene Langkowala Formation that was deposited unconformably over the ultramafic‐ and blueschist‐rich Upper Miocene Pandua Formation.…”

“…This study also incorporated a 2D seismic line from western Bone Gulf (to the southwest of the SE Arm) and stratigraphic age ranges and paleocurrent data from Nugraha, Hall, and BouDagher‐Fadel (2022), Nugraha, Hall, BouDagher‐Fadel, Todd, and Switzer (2022)). The seismic line is part of a 2D seismic dataset which was acquired by TGS in 2007 and shows well‐preserved shelf margin clinoforms that can be correlated with the formations on land in the SE Arm (Figure 3; Camplin & Hall, 2014).…”

Mixed depositional processes in coastal to shelf environments: Towards acknowledging their complexity

“…Nugraha et al (2023) combine extensive outcrop‐based sedimentology with stratigraphic and palaeogeographical analysis to establish an improved depositional model and stratigraphic evolution of Neogene successions in the Kendari Basin, South‐East Sulawesi, Indonesia. The stratigraphic relationships and onshore‐to‐offshore relationships of four formations are described and discussed and a wide variety of depositional facies and units are recognised.…”

“…The robust ichnological and sedimentological analyses of these two stratigraphic units support the interpretation of a key stratigraphic surface as reflecting both forced regressions and normal progradations occurring simultaneously in different places at different times, with major implications on the timing and volume of reworked sediments in the basin. Nugraha et al (2023) combine extensive outcrop-based sedimentology with stratigraphic and palaeogeographical analysis to establish an improved depositional model and stratigraphic evolution of Neogene successions in the Kendari Basin, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. The stratigraphic relationships and onshore-to-offshore relationships of four formations are described and discussed and a wide variety of depositional facies and units are F I G U R E 1 Sketch diagram illustrating the various hydrodynamic processes occurring in coastal to shelf environments, with numbers referring to articles from this issue.…”