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The research sets about describing the different oil types in the South Sumatra Basin and relating the hydrocarbon to source rocks. Four different groups of oil have been identified; the character of the oils suggests both lacustrine and terrestrial input to the source rocks. Type 1 oils have marine/lacustrine influenced (low pristane/phytane), Type 2 are terrestrially derived (high pristane/phytane ratio), Type 3 are also lacustrine (oils with bimodal distribution of n-alkanes) and Type 4 are biodegraded oils. These oils are distributed randomly in the South Sumatra Basin and are believed to be sourced from the terrestrial TalangAkar and lacustrine Lemat/Lahat formations.

Numerous studies have been done to determine the hydrocarbon potential of Malaysia’s formations and basins due to the need to identify more conventional or unconventional hydrocarbon resources. Due to the fact that none of these investigations were carried out with any prior knowledge in the relevant regions with hydrocarbon potential, some of them did not, however, yield the expected results. This study aims to provide researchers with all the necessary information about potential hydrocarbon-producing areas in Malaysia and the various lithologies connected to them by analyzing all earlier studies carried out in Malaysia. This was accomplished by determining patterns in the distribution of organic matter and characteristics of the formations in Malaysia. Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Generic Potential (GP), Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro), and Hydrocarbon Yield (S2) were the most important hydrocarbon generation potential indicators discussed. A heat map was created using a statistical weight ranking with a weight of 45% for the TOC value and 30%, 15%, and 10% for the GP, S2, and Ro values, respectively. According to the data, the Bintulu, Pinangah, Begrih, Liang, and Tanjong formations have the highest potential to generate hydrocarbons in Malaysia, while the Kroh, Setap, Kalabakan, Temburong, and Belaga have the least potential. Majority of formations with high hydrocarbon potential are tertiary in age and consist primarily of coal and carbonaceous shale formations. The most promising formations are mostly immature, with type II or type III kerogen quality. It is recommended that critical exploration activities be focused on the tertiary-aged formations, particularly those in East Malaysia, in order to increase Malaysia’s hydrocarbon production.

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