Neoichnology at lake margins: Implications for paleo-lake systems

Hamer, Jessica M. M.; Sheldon, Nathan D.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2010.06.002

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These structures may be preserved in the geologic record as trace fossils. Traces produced in marine ecosystems have long been studied (Dapples, 1938;Moore, 1938;MacGinitie, 1945;Barnes and Powell, 1950;Frey, 1968;Ginrgras et al, 2008), but more recent studies have begun to focus on the traces found in continental ecosystems (Ahlbrandt et al, 1978;Ratcliffe and Fagerstrom, 1980;O'Green and Busacca, 2001;Gingras et al, 2002;Hembree and Hasiotis, 2006;Lawfield and Pickerill, 2006;Genise et al, 2009;Hamer and Sheldon, 2010;Buynevich et al, 2011). Trace fossils may be used to infer the presence of organisms whose bodies are rarely fossilized (Cameron, 1969;de Gibert et al, 2000;Chin et al, 2013;Fernández and Pazos, 2013) and to interpret the environmental conditions under which the trace was produced (Turner et al, 1981;Savrda and Bottjer, 1986;Maples and Archer, 1989;Kraus and Hasiotis, 2006;Dashtgard et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoichnology of the burrowing spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) and Hogna lenta(Araneomorphae: Lycosidae)

Hils

Hembree

2015

Palaeontologia Electronica

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Burrowing arachnids are important to modern soil ecosystems, but knowledge of these animals in ancient soil ecosystems is limited. In this study, two species of burrowing spiders were studied: Gorgyrella inermis (South African trapdoor spider) and Hogna lenta (field wolf spider). Individuals of each species were studied to investigate their burrowing techniques and behaviors and to categorize the morphologies of their burrows. Experiments were run with variations in sediment density and sediment moisture to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on burrow morphology. Seven burrow architectures were produced by the spiders: vertical shafts, vertical shafts with terminal chambers, subvertical shafts, subvertical shafts with terminal chambers, Jshaped burrows, Y-shaped burrows, and isolated chambers. All burrow architectures share common features that make them identifiable as spider burrows. Sediment density and moisture had little influence on burrow morphology, but architecture diversity was greatest in sediments of moderate density and moisture. Results from this study show that spiders produce unique biogenic structures that can be distinguished from the burrows of other soil organisms. Data collected from this study can be used to better interpret the paleoecology and evolutionary history of spiders and soil arthropods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoichnology of the burrowing spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) and Hogna lenta(Araneomorphae: Lycosidae)

Hils

Hembree

2015

Palaeontologia Electronica

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“…As environmental conditions (sediment composition, moisture, temperature, etc.) change, the behavior of the organism and thus the trace may also change (Davis et al, 2007;Hasiotis, 2007;Genise et al, 2009;Hembree, 2009;Hamer and Sheldon, 2010;Dashtgard, 2011;, Smilek and Hembree, 2012, Getty et al, 2013. As such, an understanding of trace fossils and their potential tracemakers is invaluable to paleoenvironmental and paleoecological reconstructions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoichnology of two spirobolid millipedes: improving the understanding of the burrows of soil detritivores

Bowen

Hembree

2014

Palaeontologia Electronica

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In order to improve the recognition of millipede burrows and, therefore, the presence of millipede macrodetritivores in the fossil record, this study describes the burrowing behavior and resulting burrow morphologies of two species of spirobolid millipedes: Narceus americanus and Floridobolus penneri. Millipedes were placed in terraria filled with sediment of varied compositions and controlled moisture contents for 7-94 days. Open burrows were cast with plaster, excavated, and described both qualitatively and quantitatively. Both N. americanus and F. penneri produced vertical, subvertical, helical, and O-shaped burrows. Floridobolus penneri also produced J-shaped burrows. Burrow morphologies of both species were found to be similar and unaffected by sediment properties using the Bray Curtis similarity and Spearman's rank correlation tests, respectively. Burrows of two other millipede species of the Order Spirostreptida, Orthoporus ornatus, and Archispirostreptus gigas, produced in a previous study were also compared to the spirobolid burrows. While burrows of O. ornatus were similar, burrows produced by A. gigas, the largest of the four species, were the least similar even after removing size-dependent burrow properties from the analysis. Differences and similarities in burrow morphology were instead attributed to the behavioral function of the burrow: refuge or feeding. Despite some differences, all millipede burrow shafts and tunnels had a mean width-to-height ratio of 1.0-1.14. These results show that juliform millipedes produce burrows with unique morphologies that may be used to differentiate their burrows from those produced by other soil organisms.

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“…It has also been observed that the paleoecological investigation of dinosaurian ichnocoenoses (trace fossils from a number of taxa recorded in a single horizon [14]) is uncommon [2], [10]. Recent or modern mammalian ichnocoenoses have received some attention [15], [16], [17], [18] but, until now, comparison of a terrestrial vertebrate ichnocoenosis with a penecontemporaneous skeletal fossil fauna from the same location has not been possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporaneous Trace and Body Fossils from a Late Pleistocene Lakebed in Victoria, Australia, Allow Assessment of Bias in the Fossil Record

Camens

Carey

2013

PLoS ONE

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The co-occurrence of vertebrate trace and body fossils within a single geological formation is rare and the probability of these parallel records being contemporaneous (i.e. on or near the same bedding plane) is extremely low. We report here a late Pleistocene locality from the Victorian Volcanic Plains in south-eastern Australia in which demonstrably contemporaneous, but independently accumulated vertebrate trace and body fossils occur. Bite marks from a variety of taxa are also present on the bones. This site provides a unique opportunity to examine the biases of these divergent fossil records (skeletal, footprints and bite marks) that sampled a single fauna. The skeletal record produced the most complete fauna, with the footprint record indicating a markedly different faunal composition with less diversity and the feeding traces suggesting the presence, amongst others, of a predator not represented by either the skeletal or footprint records. We found that the large extinct marsupial predator Thylacoleo was the only taxon apparently represented by all three records, suggesting that the behavioral characteristics of large carnivores may increase the likelihood of their presence being detected within a fossil fauna. In contrast, Diprotodon (the largest-ever marsupial) was represented only by trace fossils at this site and was absent from the site's skeletal record, despite its being a common and easily detected presence in late Pleistocene skeletal fossil faunas elsewhere in Australia. Small mammals absent from the footprint record for the site were represented by skeletal fossils and bite marks on bones.

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Neoichnology at lake margins: Implications for paleo-lake systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Neoichnology of the burrowing spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) and Hogna lenta(Araneomorphae: Lycosidae)

Neoichnology of the burrowing spiders Gorgyrella inermis (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) and Hogna lenta(Araneomorphae: Lycosidae)

Neoichnology of two spirobolid millipedes: improving the understanding of the burrows of soil detritivores

Contemporaneous Trace and Body Fossils from a Late Pleistocene Lakebed in Victoria, Australia, Allow Assessment of Bias in the Fossil Record

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