“…The inner circle studies conducted in Canada indicate that ESL textbooks should provide students with an awareness of Canadian cultural dynamics and help them become more effective communicators (Gulliver, 2010;Ilieva, 2000). Meanwhile, outer circle studies conducted in countries (e.g., Singapore, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Malaysia) suggest that authors from first and anglophone cultures should collaborate to create culturally inclusive English textbooks to promote the interchange of cross-cultural ideas for ESL learners (Ahmed & Narcy-combes, 2011;Alcoberes, 2016;Jalalian Daghigh & Abdul Rahim, 2021). Other studies conducted in expanding circle contexts (e.g., Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, Iran, Japan, Israel, and Indonesia) indicate that English textbooks should not be limited to countries from the inner circle but also integrate multicultural content from both outer and expanding circle countries (Awayed-Bishara, 2015;Davidson & Liu, 2020;Dinh & Sharifian, 2017;McConachy, 2018;Safira Riadini & Yudi Cahyono, 2021;Setyono & Widodo, 2019;Song, 2013;Su, 2016;Tajeddin & Teimournezhad, 2014).…”