Neomycin production with free and immobilized cells of Streptomyces marinensis in an airlift reactor

Characteristics of three-phase internal loop airlift bioreactors with complete gas recirculation for non-Newtonian fluids

“…Gas-liquid-solid three-phase internal loop airlift bioreactors have been extensively used in recent years in fermentations, immobilized cell systems, and wastewater treatment processes because of their advantages in simple construction and operation, low investment and operational costs, very fine gas dispersion, definitely directed circulation flow, high mixing and mass transfer performance and relatively low power requirements [1][2][3]. Hydrodynamics such as liquid circulation velocity, gas holdup and solid holdup and the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient are the most important parameters used in assessing the above airlift bioreactors.…”

Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors

“…The reason for the more successful growth reported in ALRs (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) appears to lie in the difference in the fluid dynamics of ALRs and STRs. In conventional STRs, the energy required for the movement of the fluids is introduced focally at a single point in the reactor, via a stirrer.…”

“…The dynamic gassing out technique (229) is a very simple and ingenious method for studying bubble dispersions (8,(230)(231)(232)(233)(234)(235)(236)(237)(238)(239). Variations of the dynamic method have been proposed to minimize disturbances in the system, by introduction of step variations of agitation or pressure (227,240).…”

Lactic Acid Production for Pharmaceutical Applications by Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Immobilized on Chitosan and Polyethylene Glycol Stabilized Calcium Alginate Beads: Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

“…Immobilization matrix selection is one of the significant parameters among different fermentation conditions to get sustained/improved microbial products without cell loss. [4] Many lactic acid producing microbial species were immobilized in different matrices in production of lactic acid but all these methods have limited scope in large-scale commercial production. The major drawback in immobilized microbial lactic acid fermentations is the reduction of product formation due to accumulation of the by-products and loss of stability of the natural beads due to the reduced pH of the medium during fermentation.…”