Neonatal injections of pharmacological agents and their remote genotype-dependent effects in mice and rats

The Krushinsky-Molodkina rat strain: The study of audiogenic epilepsy for 65 years

“…According to Otto Krayer's suggestion (cited by [77]), the responses of gene expression to receptor stimulation during critical periods of development are different from those responses to similar stimulation in the adult age. The remote behavioral changes were demonstrated in our and other laboratories after the early injections of a range of chemical agents (for references, see [78]). …”

“…The neonatal L-NAME injections in KM rats also increased the audiogenic seizure intensity (nonsignificantly). Ketamine neonatal injections also resulted in changes in AS parameters [78].…”

“…This problem is very important both for practical goals [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] and for theoretical issues, as well [68,76,77]. The examples of such effects are numerous, but in spite of this, the respective mechanisms stay mainly unexplored.…”

“…In our experiments, the remote effects of early treatments were analyzed [78] as the result of biologically active substance injections which are different during the period from the 2nd to 6th postnatal day (mainly). Newborn mice and rat pups of several genotypes were injected with ACTH 4-10 , Semax (the peptide resistant to endopeptidase cleavage activity, the synthetic analogue of ACTH 4-10 fragment (see [79]), ketamine (nonconcurrent NMDA-receptor antagonist), caffeine (A1 type adenosine receptor antagonist), pyracetame, melatonin, buspirone (5НТ-2А-receptors agonist), L-NAME (NOS inhibitor), and levetiracetam (anticonvulsant).…”

“…A histochemical investigation after neonatal Semax and ACTH 4-10 fragment injections was performed (although in the mouse brain), in which numbers of neurons immunoreactive to tyrosine-hydroxylase were evaluated [78,88]. Photomicrographs of mouse zona incerta in the brains of mice from these groups are presented in Fig.…”