Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: Clinical challenges, pathophysiology and management

Infants Operated on for Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Towards Evidence-Based Pain Guidelines

“…It is also important, though, to protect hospitalized neonates from pain, not only for ethical reasons but in view of the possible negative short- and long-term consequences of untreated pain [4,5]. However, there is surprisingly little research into optimal pain management for NEC [6,7]. In contrast to other intestinal diseases, such as an isolated perforation or congenital atresia, NEC is much more painful, both pre- and postoperatively, on account of the ongoing inflammatory and ischemic processes in the intestines as well as the related peritonitis [8,9].…”

Early Detection of Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Fecal Volatile Organic Compounds Analysis

“…Fecal gas analysis by eNose may be able to detect sudden shifts in microbial activity not observed by microbiome analysis such as the sudden increase in the production of hydrogen, associated with pneumatosis intestinalis, a pathognomonic radiologic sign of NEC. 24,25 Second, VOCs are not merely produced by the gut microbiota, but at least partly result from the intestinal mucosal inflammatory process preceding the clinical onset of NEC.…”

Necrotising Enterocolitis - epidemiology and imaging

“…[1][2][3][4] After more case reports during the 19 th and early 20 th centuries, it was named by in 1959 and described as a clinical, radiographic and pathologic entity during the sixties. 3,5,6 In 1978, Bell et al defined a severity staging system for NEC to support therapeutic decisions, 7 which is, after gentle modification, 8 still in use.…”

“…83 Luig and Lui 99 Long term complications include strictures of the bowel in 20--57% of survivors, 24,113 adhesions, enteric fistulas, intestinal insufficiency, and neurodevelopmental impairment, as well as secondary complications due to parenteral nutrition and prolonged intensive care. 2,10,207,211 Data from Canada and Sweden show that 73-83% of survivors after extremely preterm birth have no severe neurodevelopmental impairment. 212,213 NEC, however, significantly increases the risk.…”