Neonatal Pain Control and Neurologic Effects of Anesthetics and Sedatives in Preterm Infants

Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 Years of Age according to Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management in Very Preterm Infants

“…Exposure to neonatal analgesics/sedative drugs can impact the developing brain and neurodevelopmental outcome by the time the child reaches school age [20]. However, clinical data supporting an association between surgery/anesthesia and neurologic impact in preterm infants must be interpreted with caution, even when anesthetic agents have the potential to induce widespread neuroapoptosis through modulation of apoptotic pathways and neurotrophins in animal studies [21]. While postligation cardiac syndrome can result in cerebral hypoperfusion and injury [22,23], a recent retrospective study found no association between postligation cardiac syndrome and NDI [24].…”

Developmental nicotine exposure adversely effects respiratory patterning in the barbiturate anesthetized neonatal rat

“…In this case, it was necessary to sedate pups to minimize movement artifact but whether temporary sedation for surgery or pain management serves to mitigate or further impair the progression toward and devlopment of long term respiratory stability warrants investigation (McPherson and Grunau, 2014). Certainly, the application of ACFs in these more clinical contexts may make it possible to determine the rate at which a data point/s at one time in a breath cycle depart from the normal trajectory at the same time in subsequent breaths.…”

Detection and Management of Delirium in the Neonatal Unit: A Case Series

“…All medications have adverse effects, and there is growing concern regarding the impact of benzodiazepines and opiates in the developing brain. 12 Extensive literature examining the impact of benzodiazepines on the developing rat brain found long-term negative consequences, such as altered learning and social behaviors. 13,14 Similarly, studies have described alterations in the development of the central nervous system in rats exposed to postnatal opiates.…”