“Neonatal Sepsis”: Bacteria & their Susceptibility Pattern towards Antibiotics in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity, particularly in the developing countries. Its causative bacteria and their respective sensitivity patterns are different in each hospital and region.

Clinical and bacteriological study of neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary care hospital

“…Our findings were similar to the prevalence rate of 37.69% and 32% reported by Sharma CM et al and Gandhi S et al respectively from India. 12,13 This may be indicative of relatively similar management practices, hospital facilities and services provided. However, Jyothi P et al and Mhada TV et al reported lower prevalence of 19.2% and 24% respectively.…”

Changing Trends in Bacterial Spectrum of Neonatal Sepsis at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital - 2011 to 2015

“…This rate is lower than that reported in other studies. (2,3,13) Low isolation rates have also been reported in other studies. (14,15) Factors responsible for lower yield in blood culture in the presence of sepsis include inadequate volume of blood cultured, patients receiving antibiotics, inappropriate timing of culture, type of culture medium used, an inappropriate presumptive diagnosis and presence of other fastidious organisms or anaerobes.…”

“…(1) It has been seen that one in five neonates suffers from septicaemia in developing countries, which is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal deaths annually. (2,3) Diagnosis based on clinical presentation alone is difficult due to non-specific presenting signs and symptoms. (4) The organisms causing neonatal sepsis and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are highly diverse and vary geographically, temporally and locally attributed to changing pattern of antimicrobial use.…”

“…Thus, a continuous surveillance of sepsis is of utmost importance to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. (3,7) This requires an understanding of changing trends in prevalent organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.…”

Relationship between Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

“…Although its incidence has been currently decreased thanks to advances in obstetric and neonatal care and intrapartum prophylactic antibiotic use to prevent development of perinatal Group B streptococcal infection, it is still an important problem of the newborn [2][3][4]. Inability of the susceptibility tests performed on culture media which are accepted as gold standard for the diagnosis of EONS, to rule out neonatal sepsis because of lack of bacterial growth despite isolation of the causative bacterial agent [5,6], in addition to limited specificity, sensitivity and reliability of diagnostic markers including WBC parameters (total WBC counts, absolute number of neutrophils, immature/total neutrophil ratio) and acute phase reactants (CRP and procalcitonin) have led to the development of scoring systems which use clinical and laboratory findings in combination for the diagnosis of EONS [6][7][8][9][10].…”