Neonatal vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in young adulthood

Specht, Ina Olmer; Janbek, Janet; Thorsteinsdottir, Fanney; Frederiksen, Peder; Heitmann, Berit Lilienthal

doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02042-0

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The findings are in line with some previous studies that have examined maternal serum vitamin D and learning-related outcomes, such as academic achievement or IQ in school-aged children or adolescents [16,17,20]. In contrast, the Australian study that examined language impairment in 5-and 10-year old children [13] and the Danish study [14] that looked at cognitive abilities in adolescents reported positive associations. Differing outcome variables and timing of the vitamin D measurement from maternal sera (early or late pregnancy, cord blood at birth) might explain the heterogeneous findings across studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…An Australian study [13] measured vitamin D from maternal sera in the 18th week of gestation and found an elevated risk of language impairment at ages 5 and 10 in offspring of vitamin D-deficient mothers. A Danish study [14] measured vitamin D levels from newborns and their intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 19 and discovered that the two lowest quintiles of vitamin D had slightly lower general IQ than those in the higher quintiles. A UK study including 422,512 children measured antenatal exposure to sunlight and found that the total amount of UVB light during pregnancy was inversely associated with the risk of a learning disability, with some evidence of a dose relationship [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders

et al. 2021

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Recent evidence has suggested potential harmful effects of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on offspring brain development, for example, elevated risks for neuropsychiatric disorders. Findings on general cognition and academic achievement are mixed, and no studies have examined the effect of prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on diagnosed specific learning disorders, which was the aim of this study. We examined a nested case–control sample from the source cohort of all singleton-born children in Finland between 1996 and 1997 (n = 115,730). A total of 1607 cases with specific learning disorders (mean age at diagnosis: 9.9 years) and 1607 matched controls were identified from Finnish nationwide registers. Maternal 25(OH)D levels were analyzed from serum samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and stored in a national biobank. Conditional logistic regression was used to test the association between maternal 25(OH)D and offspring specific learning disorders. There were no significant associations between maternal 25(OH)D levels and specific learning disorders when vitamin D was examined as a log-transformed continuous variable (adjusted OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82–1.18, p = 0.84) or as a categorical variable (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L: adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.83–1.28, p = 0.77 compared to levels of >50 nmol/L), nor when it was divided into quintiles (adjusted OR for the lowest quintile 1.00, 95% CI 0.78–1.28, p = 0.99 compared to the highest quintile). This study found no association between low maternal 25(OH)D in early pregnancy and offspring specific learning disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders

et al. 2021

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“…Specifically, one study reported better weight-for-length z-scores at 20 months of age for infants with higher (20–29.9 ng/mL) vs. the lowest (<10 ng/mL) serum 25(OH)D levels [ 43 ]. Another cohort study found that newborns with the highest (≥21.8–30.3 nmol/L) 25(OH)D levels at birth had greater IQ scores at age 19 than those with 25(OH)D levels ≤13.3 nmol/L at birth [ 84 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D intakes and health outcomes in infants and preschool children: Summary of an evidence report

et al. 2022

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Background A systematic review was commissioned to support an international expert group charged to update the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organisation (WHO)’s vitamin D intake recommendations for children aged 0–4 years. Materials and methods Multiple electronic databases were searched to capture studies published from database inception to the 2 nd week of June 2020 according to key questions formulated by the FAO/WHO. Relevant studies were summarised and synthesised by key questions and by health outcomes using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results The 146 included studies examined the effects of different vitamin D intake levels on a variety of health outcomes (e.g. infectious disease, growth, neurodevelopment, rickets, and bone mineral density), and on outcomes for setting vitamin D upper limits (e.g. hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis). For most outcomes, the strength of evidence was low or very low . Evidence was rated moderate for the effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations, and a random-effects meta-regression analysis of 28 randomised controlled trials (mostly in infants 0–12 months) showed that each 100 IU/d increase in vitamin D supplementation was associated with an average of 1.92 (95% CI 0.28, 3.56) nmol/L increase in achieved 25-hydroxy-vitaminn D (25[OH]D) concentration ( n = 53 intervention arms; p = .022) with large residual heterogeneity ( I 2 = 99.39%). Evidence was very low on two of the upper limit outcomes – hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Conclusions The evidence report provided the expert group with a foundation and core set of data to begin their work to set vitamin D nutrient reference values. To move the field forward, future studies should use standardised 25(OH)D assay measurements and should examine the relationship between long-term vitamin D status and health outcomes. Key Messages Results of a large complex systematic review suggest the current totality of evidence from trials and prospective observational studies do not reach sufficient certainty level to support a causal relationship between vitamin D intake and asthma, wheeze, eczema, infectious diseases, or rickets (most trials reported no rickets) in generally healthy infants and young children. In this systematic review, the only body of evidence that reached a moderate level of certainty was regarding the effect of daily vitamin D supplementation (vitamin D 3 or D ...

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“…The aim of this study was thus to compare neonatal vitamin D levels from stored dried blood spots (DBS) taken shortly after birth among term delivered young Danish men with myopia (cases) and controls with emmetropia. In Denmark, the seasonal variation in sunlight exposure, and thus vitamin D, is quite pronounced, and Denmark is therefore a good setting to investigate a potential seasonality of vitamin D exposure in relation to myopia (Petersen et al 2014;Specht et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal vitamin D status and myopia in young adult men

Specht

Jacobsen

Frederiksen

et al. 2020

Acta Ophthalmologica

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The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide, and modifiable risk factors are thus important to identify. Season of birth has been associated with later myopia risk. Neonatal vitamin D status is highly dependent on season of birth due to maternal sun exposure late in gestation. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to low levels of vitamin D can interfere with visual development in term-born infants and that this might contribute to adult visual dysfunction. The aim of this study was thus to compare neonatal vitamin D levels from stored dried blood spots taken shortly after birth among young term-born men with myopia (cases) and random controls with emmetropia. Methods: In this case-control study, we analysed neonatal 25(OH)D 3 levels of 457 myopic male cases and 1280 emmetropic male controls assessed for myopia at the mandatory Danish conscript examination. Data were analysed using logistic regression analysis and results presented as crude and adjusted for potential confounders namely maternal age, maternal ethnicity, maternal and paternal education and season of birth. Results: We did not observe a seasonal variation in myopia risk, neither did we observe increased odds of myopia in relation to low neonatal 25(OH)D 3 levels. Conclusion:The rapid increase in myopia does not seem related to neonatal vitamin D status.

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Neonatal vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in young adulthood

Cited by 15 publications

References 69 publications

Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders

Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders

Vitamin D intakes and health outcomes in infants and preschool children: Summary of an evidence report

Neonatal vitamin D status and myopia in young adult men

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