Neoplastic Diseases

doi:10.1002/9781119421481.ch15

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1,307 publications

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“…MDV causes a variety of clinical symptoms, including immunosuppression, ataxia, chronic wasting, and formation of T cell lymphoma in various visceral organs (2). MDV vaccines are widely used to protect chickens from this deadly disease and were the first vaccines that prevented cancer, long before this approach was applied to human medicine (3, 4). The current “gold standard” vaccine is the live-attenuated MDV strain, CVI988/Rispens (CVI), which efficiently protects chickens against very virulent field strains (5, 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Live-Attenuated Avian Herpesvirus Vaccine Expresses a Very Potent Oncogene

Conradie

Bertzbach

Bhandari

et al. 2019

mSphere

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Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is one of several oncogenic herpesviruses and causes fatal lymphomas in chickens. The current “gold standard” vaccine is the live-attenuated MDV strain CVI988/Rispens (CVI), which is widely used and efficiently prevents tumor formation. Intriguingly, CVI expresses two predominant isoforms of the major MDV oncogene meq: one variant with a regular size of meq (Smeq) and one long isoform (Lmeq) harboring an insertion of 180 bp in the transactivation domain. In our study, we could break the long-standing assumption that the Lmeq isoform is an indicator for virus attenuation. Using recombinant viruses that express the different CVI-meq isoforms, we could demonstrate that both isoforms drastically differ in their abilities to promote pathogenesis and tumor formation in infected chickens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Live-Attenuated Avian Herpesvirus Vaccine Expresses a Very Potent Oncogene

Conradie

Bertzbach

Bhandari

et al. 2019

mSphere

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Persistence of chicken anemia virus antigen and inclusions in spontaneous cases of Marek’s disease visceral lymphomas in broiler chickens at slaughterhouses

Ahmed

Ono

Sasaki

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) infect chickens worldwide; a single or dual infection by these viruses has a great impact on poultry production. In the present study, we examined the existence of CAV antigen and its inclusions in Marek’s disease (MD) lymphomas in chickens in the slaughterhouses of Iwate prefecture, Japan. Forty-nine spleens and 13 livers with different degrees of nodular lesions were histopathologically examined at our laboratory. Grossly, the tested organs showed various sizes and anatomical architectures. Based on the cellular morphology and the infiltrative nature of the neoplastic lymphocytes, MD was confirmed in 76% (37/49) of the spleens and 92% (12/13) of the livers. The lesions of MD, according to the pattern of lymphocytic accumulation in the affected organs, were divided into multifocal, coalesced and diffuse. CAV intranuclear inclusion bodies were detected within the small and the large bizarre lymphocytes of the MD lymphomas in 2 livers and 9 spleens, and the immunostaining test for CAV confirmed the persistence of CAV antigens and inclusions in the neoplastic cells. This study demonstrated the persistence of CAV infection within the neoplastic cells of naturally occurring MD lymphomas in chickens.

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Risk to public and/or animal health of the treatment of dead‐in‐shell chicks (Category 2 material) to be used as raw material for the production of biogas or compost with Category 3 approved method

2015

EFS2

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In 2011, EFSA assessed the risk posed by the possible use of dead‐in‐shell chicks for the production of processed pet food. In 2014, the European Commission asked for an update on the risk posed by the same material but as raw material for the production of biogas and compost according to standard transformation parameters normally used for Category 3 material. According to current European Union legislation, the following processing method was considered: maximum particle size before entering the processing unit: 12 mm; minimum temperature in all material in the unit: 70°C; and minimum time in the unit without interruption: 60 minutes. A list of pathogens potentially present in the material to be treated was compiled and available literature data were used to assess the ability of the processing methods to inactivate the most resistant pathogens identified. Spores of Clostridium botulinum were identified as the most resistant hazard potentially present in the material to be processed. Circovirus and parvovirus and Enterococcus faecium were considered the most heat‐resistant viruses and non‐sporulating bacterium, respectively. Moreover, depending on storage conditions, the formation of bacterial toxins is possible. The processing methods considered were therefore assessed for their ability to inactivate those hazards. The probability of survival of pathogens related to the use of dead‐in‐shell chicks subjected to the treatment process was considered to be extremely low for the heat‐sensitive pathogens that could be present in the material, which include bacteria such as Salmonella and avian influenza virus. However, this treatment is unable to sufficiently inactivate other relevant hazards (e.g. bacterial spores, thermoresistant viruses and certain bacterial toxins).

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Neoplastic Diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 1,307 publications

A Common Live-Attenuated Avian Herpesvirus Vaccine Expresses a Very Potent Oncogene

A Common Live-Attenuated Avian Herpesvirus Vaccine Expresses a Very Potent Oncogene

Persistence of chicken anemia virus antigen and inclusions in spontaneous cases of Marek’s disease visceral lymphomas in broiler chickens at slaughterhouses

Risk to public and/or animal health of the treatment of dead‐in‐shell chicks (Category 2 material) to be used as raw material for the production of biogas or compost with Category 3 approved method

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