Neoproterozoic deformation in the northeastern part of the Saharan Metacraton, northern Sudan

Abdelsalam, Mohamed G.; Abdel-Rahman, El-Shaikh M.; Elfaki, Elfadil M.; Al-Hur, Bushra; El-Bashier, Fathel-Rahman M.; Stern, Robert J.; Thurmond, A. K.

doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00068-8

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The 2500-km-long Keraf-Kabus-Sekerr Suture formed during the late Neoproterozoic when northern Africa's Saharan Metacraton collided with the Arabian-Nubian Shield (Abdelsalam et al, 2002(Abdelsalam et al, , 2003. Granulite-facies migmatitic rocks from the Sabaloka region, Sudan, have metamorphic assemblages consistent with burial to pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures of 600-800°C, and are interpreted to reflect depths up to about 30 km (Krö ner et al, 1987).…”

Section: Orogens Comprising the Transgondwanan Supermountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Ar-39 Ar biotite and hornblende ages of about 580 Ma from deformed granites in northern Sudan indicate that the granulites were uplifted and cooled soon after peak burial (Abdelsalam et al, 1998). Other evidence for the Keraf-Kabus-Sekerr Suture representing a major continentÀcontinent collision zone involving closure of an ocean basin includes the occurrence of Neoproterozoic juvenile successions such as dismembered ophiolite belts, arc assemblages and A-type granitoids (Abdelsalam et al, 2003).…”

Section: Orogens Comprising the Transgondwanan Supermountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mountains that triggered the Late Neoproterozoic increase in oxygen: The Second Great Oxidation Event

Campbell

Squire

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

137

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The consensus view is that the O 2 concentration of the Archean atmosphere was very low and that it rose to its present level of 21% in a series of steps, two of which dwarf the others in importance. The first, known as the Great Oxidation Event, occurred at $2.4 Ga. It involved an increase in the relative abundance of O 2 , which has been estimated at three orders of magnitude, and it is important because it led to the first surface weathering. The second, although less important in relative terms, involved the addition of 9 Â 10 17 kg of O 2 to the atmosphere, at least ten times as much as that required to produce the Great Oxidation Event. Its importance lies in the fact that it correlates with the rise of animals in the Ediacaran and Early Cambrian periods. Although it is widely accepted that an increase in atmospheric O 2 facilitated the appearance of animals at $575 Ma, followed by the Cambrian Explosion $50 Myr later, the cause of this increase remains controversial. We show that the surge in the O 2 level near the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary correlates with major episodes of continent-continent collision associated with Gondwana's amalgamation, including convergence between East and West Gondwana, which produced the 8000-km-long Transgondwanan Supermountains. The eroded roots of these mountains include the oldest lawsonite-bearing blueschists and eclogites, and ultra high-pressure metamorphic rocks. The sudden appearance of these lowthermal gradient, high-pressure metamorphic rocks implies that the Gondwanan orogenic zones were cooler and stronger than those associated with the assembly of earlier supercontinents and therefore capable of supporting higher mountains.There is a log-linear relationship between relief and erosion rate, and a linear relationship between sedimentation rate and organic C burial. Taken together these two relationships imply a log-linear relationship between relief and C sequestration. We suggest that the Gondwanan supermountains were higher than those produced during the assembly of earlier supercontinents and that rapid erosion of these mountains released a large flux of essential nutrients, including Fe and P, into the rivers and oceans, which triggered an explosion of algae and cyanobacteria. This, in turn, produced a marked increase in the production rate of photosynthetic O 2 . Rapid sedimentation during this period promoted high rates of burial of biogenic pyrite and organic matter generated during photosynthesis so that they could not back react with O 2 , leading to a sustained increase in atmospheric O 2 .

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Section: Orogens Comprising the Transgondwanan Supermountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orogens Comprising the Transgondwanan Supermountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mountains that triggered the Late Neoproterozoic increase in oxygen: The Second Great Oxidation Event

Campbell

Squire

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

137

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“…Abdelsalam et al (2002) original definition of the term "metacraton" was strictly descriptive, and did not present explanations for the metacraton's genesis. Since the introduction of the term, several regional studies have applied the metacraton concept and brought important constraints for the understanding of metacratonic processes in NE Africa (Abdelsalam et al, 2003;Bailo et al, 2003;El-Sayed et al, 2007;Finger et al, 2008;Küster et al, 2008), in Hoggar (Acef et al, 2003;Liégeois et al, 2003;Bendaoud et al, 2008;Henry et al, 2009;Fezaa et al, 2010), in the Zambian Irumide (De Waele et al, 2006), in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas , in Cameroon (Kwekam et al, 2010;Shang et al, 2010a), in Brazil (da Silva et al, 2005 and in China (Zhang et al, 2011a,b), in addition to numerous publications that have accepted the use of the term "Saharan Metacraton" to define this part of the continental crust in northern Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacraton: Nature, genesis and behavior

et al. 2013

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“…25°N it separates outcrops of the ANS from much older terranes of the Saharan Metacraton ( Fig. 2; Abdelsalam et al, 2002Abdelsalam et al, , 2003. Between lat.…”

Section: The Arabo-nubian Shield (Ans)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Between lat. 22°and 17°N, it is marked by a zone containing ophiolites that was strongly deformed at 650-590 Ma (Abdelsalam et al, 1998(Abdelsalam et al, , 2003Bailo et al, 2003). Farther south it probably extends to the Kabus ophiolite (Abdelsalam and Dawoud, 1991).…”

Section: The Arabo-nubian Shield (Ans)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relations between Gondwana and the adjacent peripheral Cadomian domain—constrains on the origin, history, and paleogeography of the peripheral domain

Garfunkel

2015

Gondwana Research

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Neoproterozoic deformation in the northeastern part of the Saharan Metacraton, northern Sudan

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

The mountains that triggered the Late Neoproterozoic increase in oxygen: The Second Great Oxidation Event

The mountains that triggered the Late Neoproterozoic increase in oxygen: The Second Great Oxidation Event

Metacraton: Nature, genesis and behavior

The relations between Gondwana and the adjacent peripheral Cadomian domain—constrains on the origin, history, and paleogeography of the peripheral domain

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