Neopterin Levels and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity as Biomarkers of Immune System Activation and Childhood Allergic Diseases

Ünüvar, Songül; Erge, Duygu; Kılıçarslan, Bilge; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Çatal, Ferhat; Girgin, Gözde; Baydar, Terken

doi:10.3343/alm.2019.39.3.284

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…They can make full use of the inhaled drugs. And children's immune system is constantly improving (26), which maintains immune balance and alleviates the Th1/Th2 cell imbalance, so that asthma symptoms are relieved (27, 28). Some studies reported that asthma control is related to the season, temperature, humidity and pollen (29–33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Factor Analysis of Single-Center Asthma Control in Xiamen, China

Zhu

Zhong

et al. 2019

Front. Pediatr.

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We evaluated the effects of air pollutants, age, allergic history, family allergic history, treatment, treatment steps, and compliance on uncontrolled childhood asthma in Xiamen, China. The clinical data of children with asthma in the pediatric outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the assessment of the patients' outcome including well-controlled, partly-controlled and uncontrolled, 7,211 cases of 3,268 patients were selected. Rank sum test and ordered multi-class logistic regression analysis were used. In the rank sum test, age, allergic history, family allergic history, season, treatment, treatment steps and compliance were found associated with uncontrolled rate (all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that PM10, NO2, and SO2 raised uncontrolled-asthma rate (aOR 1.311, aOR 1.281, aOR 1.252, respectively). Older children had lower uncontrolled rate (OR = 0.849, 95% CI: 0.758–0.950), children with higher treatment steps had higher uncontrolled rate (OR = 1.227, 95%CI: 1.040–1.448), and children with better treatment compliance have lower uncontrolled rate (OR = 0.374 95% CI: 0.331–0.424). The order of the uncontrolled rate of asthma from high to low was winter, spring, autumn, and summer. PM10, NO2, SO2, age, season, treatment steps, and treatment compliance have significance for predicting the control rate of childhood asthma in Xiamen, China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Factor Analysis of Single-Center Asthma Control in Xiamen, China

Zhu

Zhong

et al. 2019

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Other studies have also reported significantly increased tryptophan levels in atopic children and adults. In a non-metabolomic study of 205 children, tryptophan and its downstream metabolite kynurenine were significantly higher in asthmatic children, allergic children, and in children with AD compared to HCs [ 42 ]. The highest tryptophan levels were observed in children with asthma, and in line with Saude et al [ 24 ], tryptophan levels could significantly discriminate between controlled and uncontrolled asthma [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolomics of Childhood Atopic Diseases: A Comprehensive Pathway-Specific Review

2020

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Asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis are common childhood diseases with several different underlying mechanisms, i.e., endotypes of disease. Metabolomics has the potential to identify disease endotypes, which could beneficially promote personalized prevention and treatment. Here, we summarize the findings from metabolomics studies of children with atopic diseases focusing on tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, lipids (particularly, sphingolipids), polyunsaturated fatty acids, microbially derived metabolites (particularly, short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids. We included 25 studies: 23 examined asthma or wheezing, five examined allergy endpoints, and two focused on atopic dermatitis. Of the 25 studies, 20 reported findings in the pathways of interest with findings for asthma in all pathways and for allergy and atopic dermatitis in most pathways except tyrosine metabolism and short-chain fatty acids, respectively. Particularly, tyrosine, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, N-acetyltyrosine, tryptophan, indolelactic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, p-Cresol sulfate, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycohyocholic acid, glycocholic acid, and docosapentaenoate n-6 were identified in at least two studies. This pathway-specific review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence from metabolomics studies of childhood atopic diseases. The altered metabolic pathways uncover some of the underlying biochemical mechanisms leading to these common childhood disorders, which may become of potential value in clinical practice.

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“…Human studies also support a tolerogenic role for IDO and a reduction in IDO activity in people with asthma. In a study of 205 children, tryptophan and kynurenine levels were higher and IgE and IDO activity lower in those with asthma and allergic rhinitis [85]. In another pediatric population, IDO activity in peripheral blood and induced sputum was lower in children with allergic asthma than healthy controls [86].…”

Section: Tryptophanmentioning

confidence: 95%

Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolomics of Asthma

et al. 2020

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In this review, we discuss gut microbial-derived metabolites involved with the origins and pathophysiology of asthma, a chronic respiratory disease that is influenced by the microbiome. Although both gut and airway microbiomes may be important in asthma development, we focus here on the gut microbiome and metabolomic pathways involved in immune system ontogeny. Metabolite classes with existing evidence that microbial-derived products influence asthma risk include short chain fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bile acids. While tryptophan metabolites and sphingolipids have known associations with asthma, additional research is needed to clarify the extent to which the microbiome contributes to the effects of these metabolites on asthma. These metabolite classes can influence immune function in one of two ways: (i) promoting growth or maturity of certain immune cell populations or (ii) influencing antigenic load by enhancing the number or species of specific bacteria. A more comprehensive understanding of how gut microbes and metabolites interact to modify asthma risk and morbidity will pave the way for targeted diagnostics and treatments. Introduction: Microbiome-Metabolome Associations in AsthmaAsthma and other allergic diseases have well known associations with early life environmental exposures that modify the gut microbiota, such as living on a farm, mode of delivery, breastfeeding status and having a dog in the home [1]. As mounting animal and human data point to a prominent role of the gut microbiome in asthma development [2], relevant metabolomic mechanisms behind this association are beginning to be elucidated [3]. Integration of metabolomic data with gut microbiome data has been particularly fruitful in understanding the gut-lung axis as it pertains to asthma. Here, we review a set of metabolites and metabolite groups that appear to link the gut microbiota with asthma development and pathophysiology and immune system ontology. Some of these classes, such as short chain fatty acids, are relatively well-studied and understood, while others, including the sphingolipids, include more numerous metabolites with less straightforward relationships to asthma and allergy. While we focus here on the metabolite classes most prominently discussed in today's literature, future unbiased studies of asthma metabolomics are likely to identify additional important pathways.

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Neopterin Levels and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity as Biomarkers of Immune System Activation and Childhood Allergic Diseases

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Multi-Factor Analysis of Single-Center Asthma Control in Xiamen, China

Multi-Factor Analysis of Single-Center Asthma Control in Xiamen, China

The Metabolomics of Childhood Atopic Diseases: A Comprehensive Pathway-Specific Review

Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolomics of Asthma

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