Neovascular Glaucoma in Children: A case series and a review of the literature

Abstract

Purpose To study the uncommon causes and treatment options for neovascular glaucoma in children. Patients and Methods A review of the literature on neovascular glaucoma in children was conducted and we present three cases of neovascular glaucoma in children. Results We present three cases of neovascular glaucoma: two cases were secondary to a retinal vasoproliferative tumor—one to neurofibromatosis type 1 and the other to exudative retinopathy secondary to mild retinopathy of prematurity—and one case was secondary to a central retina vein occlusion secondary to an optic nerve glioma. Vision in the affected eye was severely impaired in all the children. Conclusion The diagnosis and treatment of neovascular glaucoma in children is challenging and often a complication of a systemic or late-stage ocular condition. An appropriate diagnosis and estimation of the visual potential are essential to determine the correct treatment, especially in young children.

Ocular venous occlusion in pediatrics: Should thrombophilia investigation and anticoagulant treatment be initiated?

“…Overall, reported risk factors include: APLA, [15][16][17][18][19] homocysteinemia, platelet over-responsiveness, 9,20 vasculitis, acute infections, inflammatory states, and optic pathway tumors. 3,11,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In some reports, more than one genetic abnormality was found in patients with RVO, suggesting synergistic interactions that may increase the risk. 28 As for SOVT cases, infectious etiologies.…”

“…Both conditions are extremely rare among children, only 10%–15% of RVO patients are younger than 40 years 1,2 . The commonest presentation is sudden, unilateral, painless loss of vision 3,4 . RVO diagnosis relays on ophthalmic evaluation.…”

Anterior chamber fluorescein leakage in a child with intraocular pressure elevation and vitreous hemorrhage

“…Systemic causes include neurofibromatosis type 1, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ocular metastases. 15 …”

Discrepancies in Vessel Density and Blood Flow Distribution in Different Areas of the Iris among Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic iridopathy (DI) are ophthalmic microvascular complications of diabetes. Under the circumstances of poorly controlled blood glucose or long diabetes duration, DI can progress into neovascular glaucoma (NVG), which is a serious vision-threatening neovascular sequela [1,2]. Previous studies of diabetic patients by iris fluorescein angiography revealed that dye leakage was present at the pupillary margin among diabetic patients without DR or DI, indicating that the abnormality in iris vasculature precedes that in retina circulation [3][4][5][6].…”