Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis L. leaves in gentamicin-piroxicam induced rat renal failure

Abstract

Kidney failure is characterized by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, abnormalities in kidney histology, and electrolyte disturbances. Sonchus arvensis L. contain high antioxidants such as flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, and quinones, so it has the potential to improve kidney function. Twenty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (induction of kidney failure), and three test groups which were administered an ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis L. leaves of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg b.w doses, respectively. Rats kidney failure model were using gentamycin 100 mg/kg b.w. and piroxicam, 3.6 mg/kg b.w. induction. Sonchus arvensis L. extracts were then administered for four weeks. The parameters for nephroprotective of Sonchus arvensis L. were urea and serum creatinine levels, urine volume, kidney organ histology, TBARS, and catalase activity. There was an improvement in kidney function as all Sonchus arvensis L. dosage levels were characterized by a significant decrease in serum urea levels (25-30%) and serum creatinine (16-23%), as well as significantly increased urine volume (83-167%) in the third week of therapy. At the end of treatment, there was a decrease in the TBARS levels (7-17%) and increased catalase activity (41-62%), significantly in all the treatment groups. The best effect was seen when using the 150 mg/kg b.w. the dose of Sonchus arvensis L. extract.