Nephroprotective Effect of Zingerone against CCl₄‐Induced Renal Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice: Molecular Mechanism

Abstract

The protective effects of Zingerone against CCl4 induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice via modulation of metabolizing enzyme, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. The biochemical estimation indicated that the BUN and creatinine were significantly increased in group 2 (CCl4) compared to group 1 (normal) which was significantly reduced after treatment with Zingerone in group 3 when compared with group 2. The CCl4 treatment has significantly increased TBARS levels and reduced the antioxidant enzyme such as GSH, GPx, GR, GST, CAT, and SOD in group 2 compared to group 1, while the Zingerone treatment showed significant reduction in TBARS levels and increased the antioxidant enzymes in group 3 (CCl4 + Zingerone) as compared to group 2. Similarly, it was observed that CCl4 significantly increased the cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα levels in group 2 as compared to group 1. The treatment with Zingerone significantly attenuated the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα in group 3 compared to group 2. Caspase 3 and caspase 9 were also significantly increased in CCl4-treated group 2, whereas Zingerone treatment significantly reduced the elevated levels of caspases 3 and 9 in group 3 compared to group 2.

Zingerone Attenuates bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats

“…Several agents with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities exhibit protective effects against bleomycin-induced lung injury (4,19). Zingerone, as an interesting active ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities in various animal models of disease (5)(6)(7)(8)20). However, its effect on pulmonary fibrosis has not been reported.…”

“…Zingerone, an active non-volatile ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale), has been known as a multi-target agent, displaying various pharmacological effects. For instance, zingerone exhibits antioxidant activity equal to ascorbic acid activity and can attenuate oxidative injuries in the lung (5), liver (6), and kidney (7). The protective effects of zingerone against lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been reported by suppressing neutrophil influx and production of proinflammatory cytokines in mice.…”

Disodium Guanylate Alleviates Acute Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Via Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro

“…Caspase‐3 was the main terminal shear enzyme in the process of cell apoptosis. When the intracellular Bax/Bax homodimer increases, Caspase‐3 could be activated and transform into Cleaved‐caspase‐3, then to trigger the downstream cascade reaction, destroy the integrity of DNA and lead to cell apoptosis (Wang, Zhang, Wang, Song, & Yuan, ; Cong et al., ; Jin et al., ; Safhi, ). In this study, we found that GMP‐Na 2 (250 mg/kg) could down‐regulated the expressions of Caspase‐3, Bax mRNA and protein in liver tissue of mice with AHI, and upregulated the expression of Bcl‐2.…”

Pomegranate peel extract protects against carbon tetrachloride‑induced nephrotoxicity in mice through increasing antioxidants status

“…The fourth group was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with CCl4 and treated with PPE, both as above. The dose of CCl4 and treatment period were based on previous studies (30)(31)(32). An equal quantity of olive oil was given IP to the control group.…”