Nephroprotective Hepatoprotective Potential and Antioxidant Role of Carob Pods (Cerotonia siliqua L.) against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

Objective: The aims of current study are the evaluation of the protective effect and antioxidant role of carob pods against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephropathy. Material and Methods: The present experiment was designed as I (control), II (0.5 ml/kg CCl 4 ), III (%10 CP), IV (CCl 4 0.5 ml/kg+%10 CP) groups. While rats in group I and III were fed with a diet without CCl 4 , II, and IV groups received twice 0.5 ml/kg/week, where IV group additionally received %10 CP supplementation for 50 days. The protective roles and antioxidant activity of the CP supplementation feed against CCl 4 -induced oxidative stress and toxicity were evaluated by histopathological changes, measuring hepatic and renal damage biomarkers (HRDB), antioxidant defence system constituents (ADSC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) parameters in the erythrocyte, liver, brain, kidney and spleen tissues of rats. Results: According to the results, the biochemical analysis showed a considerable increase in the serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanin aminotransferase), GGT (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) enzymes, creatinine and urea, and decrease in the group II as compared to that of I group. On contrary, such parameters were decreased in IV group as compared to that of group II. In addition, the results showed that CP supplementation diet restored the CCl 4 induced MDA (malondialdehyde) and ADSC towards to control. The hepatoprotection of CP is further substantiated by the almost normal histological findings in IV group against degenerative changes in II group. Protective effects by CP are further substantiated by the almost normal HRDB for kidney and liver in IV treated group as against degenerative changes in the II treated rats. Conclusion: The results indicated that CP could be as an important as diet-derived antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage in the tissues by reducing the MDA or inhibiting the production of CCl 4 -induced free radicals and liver and kidney destruction.

Effects of Carob Fruit Extract on Spermatogenesis, Antioxidant Status, and Apoptosis in Adult Male Mice

“…Based on the results of this study, carob powder can be used as an antioxidant to reduce MDA and inhibit CCl4 production as well as reduce free radicals. 20 In line with these studies, in the present study, the extract of the carob fruit in a specific dose (200 mg/kg) increased the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. The testicular tissue changes in healthy mice are physiologic but not pathologic.…”

Hepaprotective Effect of StandardizedEcklonia stoloniferaFormulation on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats

“…The CCl 4 also generates ROS consistently and reduces antioxidant enzymes, leading to lipid peroxidation ( Recknagel et al ., 1989 ; Jaeschke, 2000 ; Zhu and Fung, 2000 ; Weber et al ., 2003 ). In recent studies, CCl 4 -induced animal model showed a significant increase of AST and ALT levels in serum within a short period of time, and the model also showed coagulation necrosis and hepatocyte vacuolation in the hepatic lobules ( Yang et al ., 2008 ; Chen et al ., 2013 ; Kemelo et al ., 2017 ; Suzek et al ., 2017 ). The purpose of this study is to identify the protective activity of ES formulation and to determine the underlying mechanism using the CCl 4 -induced animal models.…”

Carob pod polyphenols suppress the differentiation of adipocytes through posttranscriptional regulation of C/EBPβ

“…reported that carob pod polyphenols (CPPs) had stronger antioxidant effects against the discoloration of β-carotene than catechins and procyanidins [ 3 ]. Furthermore, several in vivo models have demonstrated that carob pods have hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity [ 4 ] or ethanol-induced liver injury [ 5 ], gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress [ 6 ], and antidiabetic effects against alloxan-induced diabetes [ 7 ] or streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes [ 8 ]. However, the anti-obesity effect and its mechanism of action have not been clarified.…”