Nerve and muscle vulnerability to ischemia

Korthals, Jan K.; Maki, Toshihide; Gieron, Maria A.

doi:10.1016/0022-510x(85)90066-8

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It was reported that nerve conduction is decreased during ischemia-reperfusion (Oguzhanoglu et al 2000;Schmelzer et al 1989). Mild muscle necrotic changes occur after 2-3 h ischemia (Korthals et al 1985;Iida et al 2003). Oxidative stress and the production of oxygen free radicals during IR is one mechanism of ischemic fiber degeneration, causing a breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier, endoneurial edema and lipid peroxidation (Nagamatsu et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa L., on ischemia–reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle

Hosseinzadeh

Taiari

Nassiri‐Asl

2012

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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Thymoquinone have been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in some tissues such as gastric mucosa and brain. In this study, the effect of thymoquinone was evaluated on an animal model of IRI in the rat hind limb. Hind limb ischemia was induced by clamping the common femoral artery and vein. After 2 h ischemia, the clamp on the femoral vessels was taken off and the animal underwent 1 h reperfusion. Muscle injuries were evaluated by recording the electromyographic (EMG) potentials and performing some biochemical analysis including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) groups, and antioxidant capacity of muscle using ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Ischemia was induced using free-flap surgery in skeletal muscle. Thymoquinone (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) and normal saline (10 ml/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior to reperfusion. The average peak-to-peak amplitude during ischemic reperfusion was significantly increased in thymoquinone groups in comparison with the control group. Following thymoquinone administration, the total SH contents and antioxidant capacity were elevated in muscle flap. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was declined significantly in test groups. It is concluded that thymoquinone have some protective effects against the muscle tissue injury caused by lower limb ischemia-reperfusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa L., on ischemia–reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle

Hosseinzadeh

Taiari

Nassiri‐Asl

2012

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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“…In contrast, the rapid abolition and poor recovery of auditory EPs are probably due to characteristics of cortical ischemia even though the auditory fiber tract was also affected. From studies of peripheral nerves, it is known that ischemic periods lasting up to 5 hours can be tolerated by axons, 32 and differing vulnerabilities of various axon types (small and large, myelinated and unmyelinated) to ischemia/anoxia have been suggested. 33 Similarly, axoplasmatic transport has been shown to be tolerant to > 1 hour of anoxia, and the disappearance and reappearance after blockade was closely related to failure and recovery of electrical conduction, with a slightly higher ischemic tolerance for the latter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional impairment due to white matter ischemia after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.

Graf¹,

K²,

Wakayama³

et al. 1990

Stroke

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We recorded regional cerebral blood flow, somatosensory evoked potentials, and auditory evoked potentials in the thalamic relay nuclei (ventral posterior lateral nucleus and medial geniculate body) and in the somatosensory and auditory cortices during and after 1 hour of transient left middle cerebral artery occlusion in nine cats. Regional cerebral blood flow was also measured in the thalamocortical tracts of five of these cats. Additionally, the integrity of thalamocortical connections was tested by retrograde labeling of the thalamic nuclei with horseradish peroxidase in eight cats (three of which experienced no ischemia). Regional cerebral blood flow was severely reduced during middle cerebral artery occlusion in the left primary auditory cortex (8.5 ml/100 g/min) and in white matter pathways (6.4-7.6 ml/100 g/min). In contrast, regional cerebral blood flow did not change significantly in the somatosensory cortex or in either thalamic nucleus. Evoked potentials were abolished in both cortices but remained unchanged in the thalamic nuclei. Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials disappeared 5-8 minutes later than auditory evoked potentials. Recirculation after 1 hour of ischemia resulted in rapid and almost complete recovery (94%) of somatosensory evoked potentials and little recovery (18.4%) of auditory evoked potentials. We conclude that in the auditory pathway both cortical and fiber tract ischemia are (perhaps synergistically) responsible for dysfunction, while in the somatosensory cortex evoked potentials are abolished due to white matter ischemia. The delayed disappearance and better recovery of somatosensory than of auditory evoked potentials indicate that ischemic tolerance is higher in fiber tracts than in cortex. (Stroke 1990^1:923-928) N umerous experimental studies have concentrated on the effect of ischemia on the functional and morphologic integrity of the cerebral cortex.1 -6 In many investigations, evoked potentials (EPs) recorded from specific cortical areas have served as the paradigm of function, and disturbances of EPs were usually interpreted as indicating cortical disorder. 1 -36 -9 In many clinical cases, however, strokes cause capsular or supracapsular lesions in the white matter, resulting in neurologic deficits not related to cortical destruction. As demonstrated by x-ray computed tomography and even better by magnetic resonance imaging, ischemic damage can be confined in such cases to the white matter or can From the

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“…Although skin and tendon are relatively insensitive to ischemia, both muscle and nerve are susceptible to I-R injuries. 12 In this case, except for weakness due to lost tendons from wounding, the muscle injury evident by the prolonged weakness appears to be mainly from tourniquet injury. Prolonged tourniquet times adversely affect muscle contractile function and this is thought to be due to myocyte changes after I-R. 13 The transient regional pain syndrome several weeks after wounding may have been related to the traumatic injury, tourniquet-induced nerve injury, or other treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Extended (16-Hour) Tourniquet Application After Combat Wounds: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature

Kragh

Baer

Walters

2007

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma

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We present a case of emergency tourniquet use of unusually long duration. The patient was wounded during combat operations, and the subsequent battle and evacuation caused a significant delay in surgical treatment of his wounds. Emergency tourniquets can be lifesaving, but are not benign interventions. In general, the extent of tourniquet injury increases with increasing time of application. Despite having a tourniquet in place for 16 hours, the limb was salvaged and significant functional recovery was accomplished. We conducted a search of the published literature including the Medline database, and present a review of the relevant articles concerning emergency tourniquet use, tourniquet injury, and mitigating treatments. Given the widespread use of tourniquets in ongoing military operations, it seems likely that tourniquets will transition to civilian use. Thus it is important for physicians to understand tourniquet injury and appreciate that even extended tourniquet application times does not necessarily doom the affected limb.

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Nerve and muscle vulnerability to ischemia

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa L., on ischemia–reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle

Effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa L., on ischemia–reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle

Functional impairment due to white matter ischemia after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.

Extended (16-Hour) Tourniquet Application After Combat Wounds: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature

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