Nervous System

Snyder, Jessica M.; Gibson‐Corley, Katherine N.; Radælli, Enrico

doi:10.1002/9781119624608.ch21

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Similarly to perivascular areas, electron microscopy data in grey matter shows that astrocyte processes, including end feet, swell in the perineuronal area in postmortem and ischemic conditions, thereby accounting for the change observed on light microscopy (Figure 2D) (Kuroiwa et al, 1998;Suzuki, 1987). These nonstaining areas are heterogenous, as they do not occur in all cells to the same degree and are more pronounced in some brain regions than others (Snyder et al, 2021). In white matter, oligodendrocyte cell bodies have also been found to swell (Kuroiwa et al, 1998).…”

Section: Pericellular Non-staining Areasmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In white matter, oligodendrocyte cell bodies have also been found to swell (Kuroiwa et al, 1998). This accounts for the frequently described pericellular "halos" of oligodendrocytes, leading to an overall "fried egg" appearance on light microscopy (Snyder et al, 2021).…”

Section: Pericellular Non-staining Areasmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…White matter vacuoles often look like randomly distributed holes and have been reported to occur in densely myelinated areas such as the corpus callosum or internal capsule (Snyder et al, 2021). In ischemia, electron microscopy shows that white matter vacuoles can result from swollen astrocyte processes, swollen axons, or the separation of the myelin sheath from the axon, with fluid filling the resulting potential space (Pantoni et al, 1996).…”

Section: Neuropil and White Matter Vacuolizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postmortem changes in brain cell structure: a review

Krassner¹,

Kauffman²,

Sowa³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Brain cell structure is a key determinant of neural function that is frequently altered in neurobiological disorders. Following the global loss of blood flow to the brain that initiates the postmortem interval (PMI), cells rapidly become depleted of energy and begin to decompose. To ensure that our methods for studying the brain using autopsy tissue are robust and reproducible, there is a critical need to delineate the expected changes in brain cell morphometry during the PMI. We searched multiple databases to identify studies measuring the effects of PMI on the morphometry (i.e. external dimensions) of brain cells. We screened 2119 abstracts, 361 full texts, and included 172 studies. Mechanistically, fluid shifts causing cell volume alterations and vacuolization is an early event in the PMI, while loss of cell membrane visualization altogether is a later event. Decomposition rates are highly heterogenous and depend on the methods for visualization, the structural feature of interest, and modifying variables such as the storage temperature or the species. Geometrically, deformations of cell membranes are common early events that initiate within minutes. On the other hand, topological relationships between cellular features appear to be intact for more extended periods. Taken together, there is an uncertain length of time, usually ranging from several hours to several days, over which cell membrane structure is progressively lost. This review may be helpful for investigators studying human postmortem brain tissue, wherein the PMI is an unavoidable aspect of the research.

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Section: Pericellular Non-staining Areasmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Pericellular Non-staining Areasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Neuropil and White Matter Vacuolizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postmortem changes in brain cell structure: a review

Krassner¹,

Kauffman²,

Sowa³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The nervous system is composed of billions of neurons and glial cells that communicate and cooperate to perform various functions, such as sensation, movement, cognition, and emotion [123][124][125][126][127]. However, the nervous system is also vulnerable to various forms of injury and disease, such as trauma, stroke, infection, degeneration, and malformation, which can impair or destroy neural functions and structures [128][129][130]. Consequently, there is a significant need to develop effective methods to enhance the recovery and restoration of neural function after injury or disease, such as stem cell therapy, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and neurotrophic factors [131][132][133][134][135].…”

Section: Neural Regeneration and Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation at the Intersection: Emerging Translational Research in Neurology and Psychiatry

Tanaka,

Battaglia,

Giménez-Llort

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…Neuropathology in young and aging mice of various strains has been reported. 8,10,11,19,22,27,44,45,49,57,66 To expand our understanding of strain-related phenotypes, an aging study was conducted on 31 inbred mouse strains. Median lifespan was usually strain-related 68 and tumors were a major finding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain and spinal cord lesions in 28 inbred strains of aging mice

2022

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Brain and spinal cord histopathology findings in male and female 20-month-old mice in a large-scale aging study of 28 inbred Jackson Laboratory mouse strains from 7 genetic families are described. Brain sections from selected strains at 12 and 24 months of age or older were also reviewed. Common lesions include axonal dystrophy in the gracile and/or cuneate nucleus in the sensory tract of the dorsal medulla and in the spinal cord in all strains. Hirano-like bodies were seen in 24/28 strains, and mineralization was observed in the thalamus of 9/28 strains. Less common lesions were also seen in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and other brain areas. No brain or spinal cord tumors were found. Evidence of an impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and/or suspected autophagy was manifested as medullary axonal dystrophy with intra-axonal granular eosinophilic bodies and LC3B immunohistochemistry in most strains. RIIIS/J, the most severely affected strain, showed moderate axonal dystrophy at 12 months, which progressed to severe lesions at 20 months. Comparative pathology in various species is discussed.

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Nervous System

Cited by 4 publications

References 223 publications

Postmortem changes in brain cell structure: a review

Postmortem changes in brain cell structure: a review

Innovation at the Intersection: Emerging Translational Research in Neurology and Psychiatry

Brain and spinal cord lesions in 28 inbred strains of aging mice

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