Nestin-positive microglia in adult rat cerebral cortex

Takamori, Yasuharu; Mori, Tetsuji; Wakabayashi, Taku; Nagasaka, Yosuke; Matsuzaki, Tomoko; Yamada, Hisao

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.014

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Nestin is expressed in vascular cell types such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes and microglia and in neural stem cells (Alliot et al 1999;Dahlstrand et al 1992;Mokrý et al 2008;Oikawa et al 2010;Takamori et al 2009;Yokoyama et al 2006). Based on the morphological characteristics that we observed and on our double-labeling study with cell type-specific markers, most nestin-positive cells in the ischemic core were clearly distinguishable from the components of the vascular wall including endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscles cells, although some pericytes showed weak nestin immunoreactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of nestin expression and vessel association in the ischemic core following focal cerebral ischemia in rats

et al. 2012

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The present study aimed to provide a detailed characterization of the cellular phenotypes of nestin-positive cells in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Nestin-positive cells included reactive astrocytes in the peri-infarct region. In the ischemic core, in which astrocytes had virtually disappeared, nestin expression was exclusively associated with the vasculature, including the microvasculature and larger caliber vessels. Induction of nestin expression in the ischemic core occurred by 3 days post-ischemia. Nestin expression continued through at least 28 days post-ischemia but the cellular profiles of nestin-positive cells changed over this period. In the ischemic core at day 3, nestin-positive cells frequently had long processes that ran parallel along the longitudinal axis of the vasculature. These cells were highly proliferative and expressed the transcription factor for neural/glial progenitors, Sox9. Based on their morphological characteristics and on a double-labeling study, most nestin-positive cells were clearly distinguishable from vasculature-associated cells including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and microglia/macrophages. Immunoelectron microscopic findings demonstrated that most nestin-positive cells lay in the perivascular space and had macrophage-like features, indicating morphological similarity to perivascular macrophages. Nestin expression was still associated with the vasculature 14 days after ischemia but appeared in fibroblast-like cells. Thus, our data indicated that, in the ischemic core, nestin expression was not limited to a progenitor/stem cell population but was induced in the vasculature-associated cells. These cell types included perivascular macrophages and fibroblast-like cells that appeared to undergo dynamic structural changes. These results suggest that nestin facilitates cellular structural remodeling in response to ischemic injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of nestin expression and vessel association in the ischemic core following focal cerebral ischemia in rats

et al. 2012

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“…1-4). Nestin is not only a neural stem cell marker but also a marker for microglia (Takamori et al, 2009); reactive astrocytes (Wilhelmsson et al, 2006) including in humans (Tamagno and Schiffer, 2006) and fibroblasts (Savchenko et al, 2005). Nestin and P75NTR can also label glial cells from the rostral migratory stream and in the case of the fetal olfactory bulb, nestin also labels glial precursors ( Fig.…”

Section: The Characterization Of Human Fetal Ob-oecs In Cell Culture mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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Clinical studies have expanded the therapeutic olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation to different human Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. In fact, the OEC transplantation in clinic is a mixture of olfactory bulb cells; they even have not demonstrated that they have such a subpopulation yet. However, as a source of OECs transplantation, the development and identification of human fetal OECs are still need more understanding, because some surgery try to restoration CNS injury with a more purity of OEC cultures generated by a number of different procedures. In this article, twelve human fetal olfactory bulb (OB) samples were obtained from six fetuses in 20 weeks of gestation, it was studied by immunofluorescence on histological sections and cultured cells with multiple antibodies under confocal microscopy. The P75NTR positive OB-OECs (olfactory ensheathing cell from the olfactory bulb) were present in both outer olfactory nerve layers and glomerular layer. The percentage of OB cells in culture, about 22.31 was P75NTR positive, 45.77 was S100b, and 31.92 was GFAP. P75NTR and GFAP were coexpressed with S100b, respectively; however, P75NTR was not coexpressed with GFAP in human fetal OECs. It is suggested that the localization and development of human OECs in OB are different to those in rodent, and the P75NTR immunohistological staining is still necessary to identify and characterize human fetal OECs in culture before transplantation. Anat Rec, 293:359-369, 2010. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…NPCs in the SVZ and SGZ of the adult brain have been studied intensively [9], [10]. By contrast, comparatively little attention has been paid to the possibility that nestin-expressing neural cells (NECs) may occur outside of the SVZ or SGZ in the adult brain, although recent reports suggest that some microglia may express nestin [11] and that a very small number of GFAP-expressing cells in the neocortex also appear to express nestin [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Nestin by Neural Cells in the Adult Rat and Human Brain

et al. 2011

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Neurons and glial cells in the developing brain arise from neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Nestin, an intermediate filament protein, is thought to be expressed exclusively by NPCs in the normal brain, and is replaced by the expression of proteins specific for neurons or glia in differentiated cells. Nestin expressing NPCs are found in the adult brain in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus. While significant attention has been paid to studying NPCs in the SVZ and SGZ in the adult brain, relatively little attention has been paid to determining whether nestin-expressing neural cells (NECs) exist outside of the SVZ and SGZ. We therefore stained sections immunocytochemically from the adult rat and human brain for NECs, observed four distinct classes of these cells, and present here the first comprehensive report on these cells. Class I cells are among the smallest neural cells in the brain and are widely distributed. Class II cells are located in the walls of the aqueduct and third ventricle. Class IV cells are found throughout the forebrain and typically reside immediately adjacent to a neuron. Class III cells are observed only in the basal forebrain and closely related areas such as the hippocampus and corpus striatum. Class III cells resemble neurons structurally and co-express markers associated exclusively with neurons. Cell proliferation experiments demonstrate that Class III cells are not recently born. Instead, these cells appear to be mature neurons in the adult brain that express nestin. Neurons that express nestin are not supposed to exist in the brain at any stage of development. That these unique neurons are found only in brain regions involved in higher order cognitive function suggests that they may be remodeling their cytoskeleton in supporting the neural plasticity required for these functions.

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Nestin-positive microglia in adult rat cerebral cortex

Cited by 39 publications

References 47 publications

Characterization of nestin expression and vessel association in the ischemic core following focal cerebral ischemia in rats

Characterization of nestin expression and vessel association in the ischemic core following focal cerebral ischemia in rats

The Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Fetal Olfactory Bulb and Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Culture as a Source for Clinical CNS Restoration

Expression of Nestin by Neural Cells in the Adult Rat and Human Brain

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