Net migration and migration effectiveness: A comparison between Australia and the United Kingdom, 1976–96 Part 1: Total migration patterns

Modelling Multilevel Variations in Distance Moved between Origins and Destinations in England and Wales

“…Defined at the areas). Through the employment of city regions at the macro-level, we are able to get a direct mea are able to explore this in relation to important macro processes linked to population density (the urban hierarchy) and the spatial economic system, for which the geography of city regions was designed to represent in work comparing internal migration in the UK and Australia (Stillwell et al, 2000). The 33 macro-geographical regions are based on the major metropolitan centres of England and Wales (Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle and Sheffield).…”

“…Yet even after controlling for micro-level factors and neighbourhood type, at both the origin and the destination, considerable differences between the city regions remain evident (28% of the remaining residual variation lies at the combined macro-level). Whilst the city region geography is designed to reflect critical geographical components including the wider spatial economic system and urban hierarchy in England and Wales (Stillwell et al, 2000), potentially important additional macro-geographical variables, including measures of median house price and job density, were included in preliminary models (not shown here) in an attempt to explain some of the remaining macro-level variation. Perhaps unsurprisingly, given the small number of city region units (and thus degrees of freedom), their inclusion was found to be neither statistically nor substantively important.…”

Migration Flows: Measurement, Analysis and Modeling

“…A location with a large ratio (positive or negative) is an important node in the redistribution of the population -absorbing population when the ratio is positive, shedding population when it is negative. Effectiveness allows the analyst to compare migration loss and gain across states and groups of different sizes -something net migration cannot (Rogers 1990;Stillwell et al 2000). Identifying "migration effective" locations for different groups and arrival cohorts through time illuminates the roles of different places in the mobility system of migrants.…”

Planning Support Systems and Smart Cities

“…This system of spatial units, which includes adjustments for boundary changes due to the restructuring of local government in England and Wales in 2009, can be aggregated into more macro regions to facilitate summary and comparative analysis. Two levels of aggregation of LADs include (i) the 12 regions which are equivalent to European Union NUTS1 regions, and (ii) 13 city regions, which in most cases have four component areas: core, rest, near and coast and country and were first used by Stillwell et al (2000Stillwell et al ( , 2001 for comparison of migration in the UK and Australia (Fig. 2).…”