Network-level causal analysis of set-shifting during trail making test part B: A multimodal analysis of a glioma surgery case

Impaired Set-Shifting from Dorsal Stream Disconnection: Insights from a European Series of Right Parietal Lower-Grade Glioma Resection

“…We indeed show that resection in the right parietal lobe might lead to deficits of cognitive flexibility, a crucial cognitive function for independent and social life [34]. In the absence of specific rehabilitation for this cognitive function and in agreement to a recently proposed guideline for the development of novel intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques [36], its specific intraoperative monitoring deserves to be developed [1]. In addition, such intraoperative testing, in the setting of awake craniotomies, will refine our insight into brain-behaviour relationships [1].…”

“…In the absence of specific rehabilitation for this cognitive function and in agreement to a recently proposed guideline for the development of novel intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques [36], its specific intraoperative monitoring deserves to be developed [1]. In addition, such intraoperative testing, in the setting of awake craniotomies, will refine our insight into brain-behaviour relationships [1]. With respect to intraoperative monitoring, our results suggest that functions other than language and motor functions should be mapped and that the use of one test alone, such as the SCWT, will not be discriminatory enough to predict specific cognitive flexibility deficits during awake glioma surgery [37].…”

“…Monitoring cognition has become imperative in glioma surgery to preserve cognitive functions and maintain quality of life. Although glioma surgery in both the left and right hemispheres is part of clinical practice, monitoring cognition has been more often applied to eloquent areas in the left hemisphere, with the main focus on motor abilities and language skills [1]. From a network perspective, the whole brain is eloquent due to the connections of white matter tracts, which makes cognitive monitoring in the right hemisphere equally desirable [2].…”

Brain connectivity-based prediction of real-life creativity is mediated by semantic memory structure

“…The default mode network has been consistently associated with self-generated thought and spontaneous associations ( 16 , 19 , 72 , 73 ). In contrast, the control network is associated with controlled processes such as attentional control, working memory, inhibition, memory retrieval, and flexibility, which are necessary to accomplish the objectives of a specific task ( 15 , 74 , 75 ). The functional coupling between control and default mode networks has been reported in relation to creative cognition in several studies using different approaches such as verbal divergent thinking tasks ( 5 , 69 ), musical improvisation ( 76 ), poetry composition ( 77 ) and visual arts ( 78 ).…”

Neural Connectivity: How to Reinforce the Bidirectional Synapse Between Basic Neuroscience and Routine Neurosurgical Practice?

“…Beyond a transitory dys-synchronization within a discrete critical circuit, ESM can also disrupt between-network inter-communication, resulting in multi-tasking disorders, e.g., the patient is still able to move or to speak separately, but cannot do both simultaneously ( 10 ). Such original anatomo-functional correlations gained from on-line intraoperative cortico-subcortical ESM led researchers to re-visit the functional connectivity mediating neural systems, such as movement execution and control ( 11 ), oral and written language ( 12 , 13 ), semantics ( 14 ), executive control ( 15 ), self-evaluation ( 16 ), or theory of mind ( 17 , 18 ). Interestingly, this ESM permitted a reappraisal of the model of the human connectome ( 19 ), and proposed a new theory relying on a meta-network (network of networks) organization of the brain, i.e., with perpetual changes of intra- and across circuit interactions allowing adapted behavior ( 20 ).…”