“…In some extreme cases, the USV attitude dynamic model may be completely unknown, and thus these model-based controllers cannot be directly implemented. The intelligent control is another efficient approach for the attitude control of USV by adopting the neural networks (NNs) or fuzzy logic systems to directly construct the controllers or embedding the NNs or fuzzy logic systems into the baseline controllers (Alabazares et al, 2021; Guan et al, 2005; Hu and Xiao, 2012; Leeghim et al, 2009; Yang and Yan, 2016a, 2016b; Yao et al, 2022a, 2022b; Zou, 2016; Zou et al, 2011). Owing to the powerful universal approximation ability of NNs and fuzzy logic systems, the intelligent control is model-free and does not require any prior knowledge on the system model.…”