Neural control of the circulation during exercise in health and disease

Fadel, Paul J.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00224

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Information regarding the type and magnitude of stress is relayed to the brainstem nuclei from peripheral sensors that provide information regarding blood pressure (baroreceptors), central blood volume (cardiopulmonary baroreceptors), blood gas levels (chemoreceptors), lung stretch receptors, muscle metaboreceptors, other visceral sources, as well as supramedullary sites. These reflex and higher cortical inputs are reviewed extensively elsewhere (Beissner et al 2013;Cechetto and Shoemaker 2009;Charkoudian and Wallin 2014;Critchley et al 2000;Eckberg 2003;Fadel 2013Fadel , 2015Fadel et al 2001;Gianaros and Sheu 2009;Halliwill et al 2003;Thayer et al 2012;Williamson et al 2006).…”

Section: The Anatomical Basis Of Postganglionic Sympathetic Axonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans

Shoemaker

Klassen

Badrov

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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As a primary component of homeostasis, the sympathetic nervous system enables rapid adjustments to stress through its ability to communicate messages among organs and cause targeted and graded end organ responses. Key in this communication model is the pattern of neural signals emanating from the central to peripheral components of the sympathetic nervous system. But what is the communication strategy employed in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (SNA)? Can we develop and interpret the system of coding in SNA that improves our understanding of the neural control of the circulation? In 1968, Hagbarth and Vallbo (Hagbarth KE, Vallbo AB. Acta Physiol Scand 74: 96-108, 1968) reported the first use of microneurographic methods to record sympathetic discharges in peripheral nerves of conscious humans, allowing quantification of SNA at rest and sympathetic responsiveness to physiological stressors in health and disease. This technique also has enabled a growing investigation into the coding patterns within, and cardiovascular outcomes associated with, postganglionic SNA. This review outlines how results obtained by microneurographic means have improved our understanding of SNA outflow patterns at the action potential level, focusing on SNA directed toward skeletal muscle in conscious humans.

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Section: The Anatomical Basis Of Postganglionic Sympathetic Axonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans

Shoemaker

Klassen

Badrov

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Another handicap is related to published studies include many variables that influence the subject's response: mode exercise (walking, pedaling), posture, initial conditions, state of the subject (trained, inexperienced, uncomfortable, anxious, anticipating, distracted, tired, etc. ), and metabolic rate (Bell, 2006 ; Fadel, 2013 ; Duffin, 2014 ). On the other hand, due to the significant individual variation in the ventilatory responses reported in the literature, a better prediction of real breathing patterns can be achieved only by fitting procedures (i.e., estimation of individual parameters).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Dynamic Model for the Respiratory Response to Exercise

2018

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Respiratory system modeling has been extensively studied in steady-state conditions to simulate sleep disorders, to predict its behavior under ventilatory diseases or stimuli and to simulate its interaction with mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the studies focused on the instantaneous response are limited, which restricts its application in clinical practice. The aim of this study is double: firstly, to analyze both dynamic and static responses of two known respiratory models under exercise stimuli by using an incremental exercise stimulus sequence (to analyze the model responses when step inputs are applied) and experimental data (to assess prediction capability of each model). Secondly, to propose changes in the models' structures to improve their transient and stationary responses. The versatility of the resulting model vs. the other two is shown according to the ability to simulate ventilatory stimuli, like exercise, with a proper regulation of the arterial blood gases, suitable constant times and a better adjustment to experimental data. The proposed model adjusts the breathing pattern every respiratory cycle using an optimization criterion based on minimization of work of breathing through regulation of respiratory frequency.

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“…Part II. Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise and Phosphate Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise It is well known that cardiovascular responses to exercise is rapidly matched to its intensity or its perceived effort [22][23][24]. During exercise, working skeletal muscle require an increase in oxygen, therefore an increase in blood flow is required to meet this demand.…”

Section: Phosphate and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acute high-phosphate intake on muscle metaboreflex activation and vascular function

Stephens

Kaur

Vranish

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Emerging evidence suggests that long term high consumption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Importantly, over the last 20 years, with the growing abundance of processed foods, dietary intake of Pi in the United States has doubled the daily‐recommended amount. Recently, Mizuno et al. demonstrated that chronic high dietary Pi consumption results in significantly exaggerated increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to muscle metaboreflex activation in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Whether acute high Pi consumption can affect the muscle metaboreflex in humans remains unknown. Notably, acute high Pi intake has been shown to impair endothelial function in otherwise healthy subjects, but a recent study does not support this finding. Therefore, the goal of this research was to investigate whether acute high Pi consumption affects muscle metaboreflex activation and endothelial function in humans. We hypothesized that acute high Pi consumption augments the pressor response during muscle metaboreflex activation and attenuates endothelial function in young, healthy men. To investigate, subjects participated in two protocols performed on separate days: 1) Monosodium Phosphate (NaPi) containing 2,000 mg of phosphorus and 1,520 mg of sodium (N= 13; 23 ± 1 yrs; mean ± SEM) and 2) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) control containing 1,520 mg of sodium (N=5; 23 ± 2 yrs). On each study day, endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), and blood was drawn to measure baseline serum phosphate. Subjects then performed static handgrip at 35% maximal voluntary contraction for 2 minutes, followed by post‐exercise ischemia (PEI), to isolate muscle metaboreflex activation. The subjects then ingested either NaPi or NaCl. After 60 minutes, FMD and PEI were repeated and blood was drawn at 60 and 120 min post‐ NaPi and NaCl ingestion. Serum phosphate was significantly elevated at 60 min (baseline, 3.2 ± 0.2 mg/dL; 60 min, 4.5 ± 0.2 mg/dL; p<0.01) and 120 min (4.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL; p<0.01) post‐ NaPi consumption, but did not change with NaCl consumption (p=0.51). Resting blood pressure was unaffected by NaPi (p=0.88), and NaCl (p=0.40). Likewise, metaboreflex‐induced increases in MAP were not different following NaPi (pre, Δ 20.9 ± 4.1; post, Δ 17.9 ± 2.9; p=0.84) or NaCl (pre, Δ 20.9± 3.7; post Δ 18.5 ± 1.9; p=0.94). In contrast, FMD was significantly attenuated after NaPi ingestion, (pre, 5.4± 0.6%; post, 3.1 ± 0.5%; p<0.01) but did not change following NaCl ingestion (p=0.97). In summary, acute high NaPi consumption did not affect muscle metaboreflex responses in young, healthy men, whereas endothelial function was impaired. These data suggest that the peripheral vasculature is vulnerable to acute NaPi consumption in young healthy men. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

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Neural control of the circulation during exercise in health and disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans

Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans

An Improved Dynamic Model for the Respiratory Response to Exercise

Effect of acute high-phosphate intake on muscle metaboreflex activation and vascular function

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