Neural correlates of appetitive extinction in humans

Kruse, Onno; Stark, Rudolf; Klucken, Tim

doi:10.1093/scan/nsw157

Cited by 27 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Activity in the striatum paralleled that of the VMPFC in both our study and in Kruse et al (2017), which could reflect a role for this region in both acquisition and extinction consistent with rodent work. In both, however, subjects were asked to execute a motor response (button pressing) and in Kruse et al (2017) this response was instrumental. Thus, striatum activity during the CS APPETITIVE + could signal that a response will be rewarded or that a reward is coming.…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…More specifically, in our affective pictures study, we observed decreased VMPFC response to the CS APPETITIVE + during extinction recall (relative to acquisition), a pattern opposite to that found for the CS DRUG + and extinction of fear. Kruse et al (2017) instead found significantly positive VMPFC responses across acquisition and extinction using monetary rewards. However, these studies cannot be directly compared because Kruse et al (2017) did not test extinction recall; the VMPFC effect observed in that study was limited to early extinction, which as the authors caution, could index initial acquisition of extinction, recall of the appetitive association from day 1, or both.…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Kruse et al (2017) instead found significantly positive VMPFC responses across acquisition and extinction using monetary rewards. However, these studies cannot be directly compared because Kruse et al (2017) did not test extinction recall; the VMPFC effect observed in that study was limited to early extinction, which as the authors caution, could index initial acquisition of extinction, recall of the appetitive association from day 1, or both. It is not possible to ascertain how VMPFC response patterns might have changed during extinction recall.…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…To date, only two human imaging studies have directly examined the neural correlates of appetitive extinction in healthy subjects. In the first of these studies, Kruse et al (2017) combined functional MRI with a monetary incentive delay task in which, during an initial acquisition phase, subjects learned to associate abstract cues with monetary gain (CS APPETITIVE +) or no gain (CS−). During extinction, which took place 24 hours later, subjects performed the same task while neither cue was reinforced.…”

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emerging neuroscience of appetitive and drug cue extinction in humans

Konova

Goldstein

2018

Psychopharmacology

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Fear extinction has been extensively studied in both humans and non-human animals, and this work has contributed greatly to our understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders. Yet other psychopathologies like addiction might be associated with impairments selectively in extinction of non-fear based, appetitive and drug cue associations, and these processes have been underexplored in clinical translational neuroscience. Important questions regarding similarities and differences in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying aversive and appetitive extinction remain unanswered, particularly those pertaining to cross-species evidence for the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and, to some extent, the striatum. Here, we aim to draw attention to the paucity of studies investigating non-fear based extinction in humans, summarize emerging findings from the available literature, and highlight important directions for future research. We argue that closing these gaps in our understanding could help inform the development of more targeted, and perhaps more durable, forms of extinction-based treatments for addiction and related psychopathologies characterized by abnormally persistent appetitive and drug cue associations.

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Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Appetitive and Drug Cue Extincmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The emerging neuroscience of appetitive and drug cue extinction in humans

Konova

Goldstein

2018

Psychopharmacology

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“…Through repeated pairings of the CS+ and UCS, the CS+ will elicit conditioned reactions (CRs) compared with those to the CS−. CRs can be measured in different response systems, for example, as changes in skin conductance responses (SCRs) and subjective ratings (Klucken et al, ; Kruse, Tapia León, Stark, & Klucken, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of subjective CS/UCS association in appetitive conditioning

León

Kruse

Stalder

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Explicit knowledge of conditioned stimulus (CS)/unconditioned stimulus (UCS) associations is proposed as important factor in classical conditioning. However, while previous studies have focused on its roles in fear conditioning, it has been neglected in the context of appetitive conditioning. The present functional magnetic resonance study aimed to investigate neural activation and functional connectivity linked to subjective CS/UCS association in appetitive conditioning. In total, 85 subjects participated in an appetitive acquisition procedure in which a neutral stimulus (CS+) was paired with a monetary reward, while another neutral stimulus (CS-) was never paired with the reward. Directly afterwards, subjective CS/UCS association was assessed by measuring the extent to which the CS+ was thought to be associated with the UCS compared to the CS-. Close relationships were established between subjective CS/UCS association and activations in the primary visual cortex (V1) during the early phase of conditioning and in the striatum during the late conditioning phase. In addition, we observed inverse relationships between subjective CS/UCS association and both V1/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatal/vmPFC connectivity. The results suggest the involvement of decoupling vmPFC connectivity in reward learning in general and the roles of attentional processes in the formation of the subjective CS/UCS association during the early phase and reward prediction during the late phase of appetitive conditioning.

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Amygdala and nucleus accumbens involvement in appetitive extinction

Kruse

Stark

Klucken

2020

Human Brain Mapping

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Extinction of appetitive conditioning is regarded as an important model for the treatment of psychiatric disorders like addiction. However, very few studies have investigated its neural correlates. Therefore, we investigated neural correlates of appetitive extinction in a large human sample including all genders (N = 76, 40 females) to replicate and extend results from a previous study. During differential appetitive conditioning, one stimulus (CS+) was paired with the chance to win a monetary reward, whereas another stimulus (CS−) was not. During appetitive extinction on the next day, neither the CS+ nor the CS− were reinforced. After successful acquisition of appetitive conditioning, the extinction phase elicited significant reductions of valence and arousal ratings toward the CS+ and a significant reduction in skin conductance responses to the CS+ from early to late extinction. On a neural level, early extinction showed significant differential (CS+ − CS−) activation in dACC and hippocampus, whereas involvement of the vACC and caudate nucleus did not replicate. The differential activation of amygdala and nucleus accumbens during late extinction was replicated, with the amygdala displaying significantly higher differential activation during the late phase of extinction as compared to the early phase of extinction. We show discernible signals for reward learning and extinction in subregions of amygdala and nucleus accumbens after extinction learning. This successful replication underlines the role of nucleus accumbens and amygdala in neural models of appetitive extinction in humans that was previously only based on animal findings.

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Neural correlates of appetitive extinction in humans

Cited by 27 publications

References 74 publications

The emerging neuroscience of appetitive and drug cue extinction in humans

The emerging neuroscience of appetitive and drug cue extinction in humans

Neural correlates of subjective CS/UCS association in appetitive conditioning

Amygdala and nucleus accumbens involvement in appetitive extinction

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