Neural Mechanisms in Poliomyelitis

Howe, Howard A.

doi:10.1097/00007611-194206000-00027

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Two showed symptoms of reinfection, and virus was recovered from the cord of one. Earlier, Howe and Bodian (15) had reported second paralytic attacks in two monkeys, the second attack in each being induced by intrnasal inoculation, the first by a different route. In each of these two animals the first attack was induced by the Wfd strain and the second by MV, but subsequent work classified these as being of the same immunologic type (16).…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It seems pertinent to compare these observations with those of Howe and Bodian (15) evidence of infection. The probability of such an outcome has been found to depend on the strain of virus employed, the host species, and the route of inoculation.…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thompson (103) subjected one monkey to fasting for 18 hours, then administered 15 ml of bile by stomach tube followed 24 hours later by 15 ml of 20% suspension of virus (Aycock strain). The procedure was repeated 51 days later.…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sera of 16 subjects initially failed to neutralize, or neutralized only in dilutions considered too low to be significant. Of these, 15 developed antibody of high titer after the first virus feeding. Three subjects had initially high antibody titers which did not change appreciably after virus feeding.…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunization Against Poliomyelitis

1952

BMJ

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Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunization Against Poliomyelitis

1952

BMJ

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“…Bodian also favours the direct vascular route to the spinal cord, on experimental grounds. On the other hand, the demonstration by Verlinde et al (1955) Howe & Bodian (1941), who showed that the susceptibility of anterior horn cells to experimental infection with poliomyelitis virus was lowered during the period of regeneration of the peripheral neurone. The localizing influence of exercise upon paralysis (Russell, 1947(Russell, , 1949 might be due to a similar 'sensitizing' effect, since the work of Hyden (1943) indicates that muscular work alters the biochemical constitution of the anterior horn cells.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vaccines and other substances upon the course of neurotropic virus infection

McLaren

1957

Epidemiol. Infect.

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1. When GDVII virus was injected into the brains of mice, subsequent intracerebral injections of mixed pertussis and diphtheria prophylactic significantly shortened the incubation period. Subsequent intramuscular injections of mixed prophylactic had no influence on the course of the infection.2. Intramuscular inoculation of either GDVII virus or EMC virus results in a marked localization of paralysis in the injected limb. With GDVII virus, the localization probably arises from the use of the sciatic nerve route for entry into the c.n.s., and is unaffected by injection of substances into the opposite limb. With EMC virus, localization can be modified by injections into the opposite limb.3. When GDVII or EMC virus was injected by a peripheral route other than intramuscular, intramuscular injections of vaccines or normal mouse brain suspension induced localization of paralysis in the injected limb.4. Intramuscular inoculation of vaccines increased mortality in mice injected into the same limb muscle with GDVII virus. Within the limits tested the later the vaccines were injected relative to the virus, the greater was the effect.5. When the vaccines used were more than a few months old, this facilitating effect was replaced by a protective effect. Mice injected intramuscularly with aged vaccines were significantly more resistant than the controls to GDVII virus injected into the same muscle.6. Intracerebral inoculation of vaccines, and to a lesser extent other substances, increased mortality in mice which had received intramuscular inoculations of GDVII virus, by allowing virus to pass directly from the blood into the brain. This resulted in a predominance of cerebral symptoms when the vaccines were injected immediately after the virus, but not when the interval was lengthened to 48 hr.7. The mode of action of modifying factors in neurotropic virus infections is discussed in the light of these results.This work was done in the Department of Zoology, Oxford University, during the tenure of a grant from the Medical Research Council. I also wish to thank the Nuffield Foundation for their support of the virus research carried on in the Department.I am most grateful to Dr F. K. Sanders for his advice and criticism, as well as for provision of technical facilities, and to Dr Donald Michie for assistance with the statistical treatment of the data, and for much other help.

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Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Slavin

Berry

1943

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Intranasal instillation of herpes virus in suckling mice results in specific lesions widely distributed in the viscera. The lungs are infected by aspiration of the virus. Virus disseminated by way of the blood establishes itself in endothelium in certain situations where parenchymal lesions result by direct spread from the vascular foci. Evidence of blood-borne infection was found frequently in the liver and spleen, less frequently in the suprarenals, and, in one instance, in the bone marrow. Renal infection appeared to be uriniferous. Lymph carriage of the virus also occurs, and lymph nodes draining infected areas were often found to contain herpetic inclusion bodies. Herpes virus seems incapable of invading the central nervous system of suckling mice by the vascular route.

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Neural Mechanisms in Poliomyelitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Immunization Against Poliomyelitis

Immunization Against Poliomyelitis

The effect of vaccines and other substances upon the course of neurotropic virus infection

Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

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