Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Slavin, Howard B.; Berry, George Packer

doi:10.1084/jem.78.4.321

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Our observations and those of others (with presumed TK + virus) (Slavin & Berry, 1943;Nachtigal & Caulfield, 1984) suggest that the cortex is the major site of infection. The high concentration of steroid hormones in the cortex, and in particular their immunosuppressive effects, may make this part of the gland especially susceptible to infection with diverse organisms (Frenkel, 1960).…”

Section: Isolation Of Hsv From Adrenal Glands Of Female Mice After Insupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The involvement of the adrenal gland in experimental infection with HSV has been commented on by Smith (1931) who inoculated rabbits intravenously, subcutaneously, intracerebrally or into the testis, Slavin & Berry (1943) (intranasally in suckling mice), Cook & Stevens (1976) (intravenously in mice), Kapoor et al (1982) (subcutaneously in nude mice), and Nachtigal & Caulfield (t984) (intranasally in mice). Further instances have been noted from clinical medicine [see Nachtigal & Caulfield (1984) for references].…”

Section: Isolation Of Hsv From Adrenal Glands Of Female Mice After Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection of the Adrenal Gland as a Route to the Central Nervous System after Viraemia with Herpes Simplex Virus in the Mouse

Hill¹,

Yirrell²,

Blyth³

1986

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYIntravenous inoculation of 4-week-old female NIH (inbred) mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain P2C6 (defective in thymidine kinase) produced bilateral hind limb paralysis in nearly all animals by the 5th day after inoculation; very few mice died. In male mice the incidence and severity of paralysis was considerably lower than in females. The parental strain, CL(101), produced similar paralysis but all mice died by day 7. Observations on paralysis and death after intravenous inoculation are given for other strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2. By day 1 after inoculation of P2C6 significant virus replication had occurred in the adrenal glands but in none of the other organs tested. Titres of virus were similar in the adrenal glands of male and female mice. Histology of the adrenals showed most extensive replication in the cortex with some involvement of the medulla, particularly at the corticomedullary junction. By the 2nd and 3rd days, virus was detected in the lower thoracic spinal cord of both male and female animals but clearance was possibly quicker from males. Adrenalectomy proved that virus reached the cord via the adrenals. In the cord the infection was associated with bilateral demyelination in the ventral white matter as early as day 3.

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Section: Isolation Of Hsv From Adrenal Glands Of Female Mice After Insupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Isolation Of Hsv From Adrenal Glands Of Female Mice After Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of the Adrenal Gland as a Route to the Central Nervous System after Viraemia with Herpes Simplex Virus in the Mouse

Hill¹,

Yirrell²,

Blyth³

1986

Journal of General Virology

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“…(Received for publication, June 27, 1946) In previously reported studies (1)(2)(3) it was found that in young mice the intranasal instillation of herpes virus (HF strain) was followed by the prompt invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by way of all available neural routes. Death resulted regularly on the 4th or 5th day after inoculation, Specific antibodies, acquired as the result of an intraperitoneal injection of immune rabbit serum or by suckling an immune mother, protected young mice from herpetic infection of this sort.…”

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Evans

Slavin

Berry

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In previously reported studies (1-3) it was found that in young mice the intranasal instillation of herpes virus (HF strain) was followed by the prompt invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by way of all available neural routes. Death resulted regularly on the 4th or 5th day after inoculation, Specific antibodies, acquired as the result of an intraperitoneal injection of immune rabbit serum or by suckling an immune mother, protected young mice from herpetic infection of this sort. In these experiments the antibodies were present in the mice at the time the virus was administered. They presumably protected the mice by preventing the formation of peripheral foci of infection from which invasion of the CNS could occu~In order to determine whether passively acquired antibodies can significantly influence the course of herpetic infection within the CNS of mice, further investigations have been carried out. Disturbance of the "blood-brain barrier," which might affect the penetration of antibodies into the CNS, was avoided by the use of a peripheral site of inoculation. Specific antiserum was injected at various intervals after introduction of the virus, before involvement of the nervous system became apparent. When experimental herpetic infections induced in this manner are treated by administering specific antiserum prior to the appearance of obvious signs of involvement of the nervous system, it is virtually impossible to be certain whether an efficacious result is due to the effect of antibodies at the peripheral focus or within the nervous system. In experiments included in the present report, this difficulty has been circumvented by eliminating, by amputation, the peripheral focus as a complicating factor. It was found that hyperimmune rabbit serum,'injected intraperitoneally, can retard, and in some cases can completely arrest, the progress of an established herpetic infection within the nervous system of mice.

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“…Also involvement of the adrenal glands after various routes of infection with HSV-I was reported (20,27,28). However, the exact site of replication is not definitely known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in the adrenal glands: Replication and histopathology

Potratz¹,

Brake

Dienes

et al. 1986

Archives of Virology

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The adrenal glands were shown to be the most severely infected organs in the early phase of HSV-1 infections (up to 10 days p.i.) after i.p. infections in mice. Virus could be isolated from the adrenal glands as early as one hour after infection with pathogenic and apathogenic strains. Infection of the adrenal glands is a result of viremia. The content of HSV-1 (5 strains) was much higher in the adrenals than in spleen and liver. It peaked at 3-4 days p.i. compared to 1-2 days in spleen and liver. Only strain 17 syn+ produced low tissue titres in the adrenal glands. Morphologic alterations by HSV-1 infections commenced with distinct foci 2 days after infection in the zona fasciculata, detected immunohistochemically by HSV-specific peroxidase-staining. Necrotic cells could be observed. The foci became confluent until day 4 and remained in this status up to day 7 p.i. During infection immunocompetent cells (macrophages, granulocytes, many T-helper--but only few T-cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes) could be observed. On day 10 p.i. the viral antigen had been completely eliminated. In contrast, intraperitoneal infections with 5 strains of HSV-2 resulted in infection of the adrenal glands only to a low degree. The titer of virus was low (exception: strain HG 52). This correlates well with the type of disease produced by either HSV-1 or 2. By comparing the replication of different strains of HSV-1 and 2, three types of "tropism" after i.p. infection of mice can be distinguished.

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Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Infection of the Adrenal Gland as a Route to the Central Nervous System after Viraemia with Herpes Simplex Virus in the Mouse

Infection of the Adrenal Gland as a Route to the Central Nervous System after Viraemia with Herpes Simplex Virus in the Mouse

Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in the adrenal glands: Replication and histopathology

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