Neural Prostheses

Abstract

The sections in this article are Fundamentals of Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System Fundamentals of Electrodes and Stimulus Waveforms Motor System Neural Prostheses Sensory Neural Prostheses

Electrical Activation of Spinal Neural Circuits: Application to Motor-System Neural Prostheses

“…Neural prostheses are a developing technology that use electrical activation of the nervous system to restore function to individuals with neurologic impairment( 1‐3). Clinical applications in the motor system include stimulation of the sacral anterior roots for bladder function( 4), stimulation of the phrenic nerves for respiration( 5), and stimulation of the peroneal nerve for prevention of foot drop( 6).…”

Enhancing the Production of Eco-Friendly Silk Fabrics through the Application of Nonthermal Plasma Wettability Techniques

“…This indicates that In wet 0 discharge using glow discharge from APPJ, the chemical and physical properties of the outer monolayer of the generated n-WSF samples are altered by the electronic, vibrational, and rotationally excited species generated by the plasma plume. − The formation of free radicals on the surface of n-WSF is a result of the breakage of covalent bonds by energetic particles, which is influenced by the oxygen-to-argon ratio O 2 in wet I discharge. This reaction is in addition to the effect mentioned in (i).…”

Detection and inhibition of hyperreflexia-like bladder contractions in the cat by sacral nerve root recording and electrical stimulation

“…The possible deleterious effects of electrical stimulation including electrochemical reactions at the electrode interface and activity induced neural degeneration will be minimized by reducing the time of stimulation. Clearly, these effects do not preclude the long-term clinical use of electrical stimulation as neural prostheses applying electrical stimulation have been implanted in thousands of patients and have been in use over several years or even decades [Creasey and van Kerrebroeck, 1996;Grill and Kirsch, 1999].…”