Neural representation of emotion regulation goals

Morawetz, Carmen; Bode, Stefan; Baudewig, Juergen; Jacobs, Arthur; Heekeren, Hauke R.

doi:10.1002/hbm.23053

Cited by 75 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…As such, the middle temporal gyrus, with projects to the hippocampus and amygdala, is also of interest in that it is implicated in auditory expectation [39], which in individuals with PTSD, might be hyperactive in response to an aversive auditory stimulus. In addition, recent evidence suggests the inferior parietal lobe is associated with successful emotion regulation [40], and is activated in response to an aversive stimulus (shock) [41]. Based on this evidence, these regions are of particular interest to the current study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exploring the Neurocircuitry Underpinning Predictability of Threat in Soldiers with PTSD Compared to Deployment Exposed Controls

Dretsch¹,

Wood²,

Daniel³

et al. 2016

TONIJ

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Background:Prior work examining emotional dysregulation observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has primarily been limited to fear-learning processes specific to anticipation, habituation, and extinction of threat. In contrast, the response to threat itself has not been systematically evaluated.Objective:To explore potential disruption in fear conditioning neurocircuitry in service members with PTSD, specifically in response to predictable versus unpredictable threats.Method:In the current study, active-duty U.S. Army soldiers with (PTSD group; n = 38) and without PTSD (deployment-exposed controls; DEC; n = 40), participated in a fear-conditioning study in which threat predictability was manipulated by presenting an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that was either preceded by a conditioned stimulus (i.e., predictable) or UCS alone (i.e., unpredictable). Threat expectation, skin conductance response (SCR), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal to predictable and unpredictable threats (i.e., UCS) were assessed.Results:Both groups showed greater threat expectancy and diminished threat-elicited SCRs to predictable compared to unpredictable threat. Significant group differences were observed within the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, and superior and middle temporal gyri. Contrary to our predictions, the PTSD group showed a diminished threat-related response within each of these brain regions during predictable compared to unpredictable threat, whereas the DEC group showed increased activation.Conclusion:Although, the PTSD group showed greater threat-related diminution, hypersensitivity to unpredictable threat cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, pre-trauma, trait-like factors may have contributed to group differences in activation of the neurocircuitry underpinning fear conditioning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exploring the Neurocircuitry Underpinning Predictability of Threat in Soldiers with PTSD Compared to Deployment Exposed Controls

Dretsch¹,

Wood²,

Daniel³

et al. 2016

TONIJ

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“…(2012) study on metaphorical and literal NNCs which also observed enhanced left amygdala activation for the former, and the meta-analysis of 23 neuroimaging studies on the comprehension of figurative statements (i.e., metaphors, idioms, proverbs, sarcastic, and ironic statements), in which activation of the left amygdala was reported for the contrast between figurative and literal statements (Bohrn et al, 2012a). Perhaps, given that amygdala activation is also associated with reward, if the amygdala is active in figurative language processing, it is being allowed to be so because the control regions of the prefrontal cortex-amygdala network linked to emotion regulation (e.g., Morawetz et al, 2016) detected positive affect. This might imply that metaphors and figurative language in general are, at least on an implicit neuronal level, more pleasant 5 .…”

Section: Multiword Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Elementary Affective Decisions: To Like Or Not to Like, That Is the Question

2016

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Perhaps the most ubiquitous and basic affective decision of daily life is deciding whether we like or dislike something/somebody, or, in terms of psychological emotion theories, whether the object/subject has positive or negative valence. Indeed, people constantly make such liking decisions within a glimpse and, importantly, often without expecting any obvious benefit or knowing the exact reasons for their judgment. In this paper, we review research on such elementary affective decisions (EADs) that entail no direct overt reward with a special focus on Neurocognitive Poetics and discuss methods and models for investigating the neuronal and cognitive-affective bases of EADs to verbal materials with differing degrees of complexity. In line with evolutionary and appraisal theories of (aesthetic) emotions and data from recent neurocognitive studies, the results of a decision tree modeling approach simulating EADs to single words suggest that a main driving force behind EADs is the extent to which such high-dimensional stimuli are associated with the “basic” emotions joy/happiness and disgust.

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“…This is in line with this notion that reduced precision in prior expectations is a result of attenuation in higher hierarchical brain regions (Adams et al, 2016), such as inferior frontal regions (Barbalat et al, 2013;Dzafic et al, 2016;Summerfield and Koechlin, 2008). The right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the insula are neighbouring regions, with roles in higher cognitive processing, such as inhibitory control (Aron et al, 2004;Forstmann et al, 2008), emotion regulation (Morawetz et al, 2016), and emotional awareness (Gu et al, 2013). Activity in the inferior parietal lobule has been associated with the evaluation of prior expectations (Corbetta et al, 2008;O'Connor et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The neuroimaging and genetics of emotion perception in schizophrenia

Dzafic¹

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Impaired emotion perception is a core deficit in schizophrenia (SCZ) that is robustly associated with poor functional outcome. Studies to date have failed to delineate the critical cognitive, neural and genetic factors that underlie 'naturalistic' emotion perception deficits in SCZ. Recently it has been proposed that in SCZ reduced precision in prior expectations impairs perception. Normal perception relies on predictive processing from precise prior expectations, which prioritise attention to context-relevant stimuli. However, no studies to date have explored the aberrancy of prior expectations during naturalistic emotion perception in SCZ and the underlying abnormal neural circuitry or involvement of SCZ genes. The present thesis aims to develop a novel dynamic emotion perception (DEP) task, in order to examine (1) the influence of prior expectations on naturalistic emotion perception in healthy individuals, and (2) emotion perception impairment in SCZ by investigating aberrancy in prior expectations, neural circuitry, and genetics.The aim of Study 1 was to create a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to examine the mechanisms of prior expectations and delineate the spatiotemporal activity of brain regions that contribute to emotion perception. The newly developed and validated fMRI DEP task has improved ecological validity, using dynamic, audio-visual videos, instead of static pictures as stimuli. The improved method provided new behavioural and neuroimaging insights into the influence of prior expectations on naturalistic emotion perception. Prior expectations facilitated emotion perception after repeated exposure and learning over the course of the experiment, engaging prefrontal regions and right amygdala. In contrast, emotions incongruent with prior expectations engaged neural correlates of automatic change detection, which in a complex dynamic environment allows for adaptive behaviours in potentially advantageous or threatening situations.In Study 2, the DEP task was utilised to delineate, in the healthy brain, the functional networks that subserve rapid recognition of threatening emotions in situations either congruent or incongruent with prior expectations. The results showed that fast detection of threat congruent with prior expectations engaged a right amygdala subcortical network, which has been previously implicated in fear conditioning and coarse processing of emotion. In contrast, there was a trend association between fast detection of threat incongruent with prior expectations and activity in inferior frontoparietal network connected to the right temporoparietal junction; this has been previously implicated in rapid reorienting of attention to Finally, in Study 4, the association between SCZ polygenic risk score (PRS) and brain activity during the DEP task in healthy adults was investigated in order to assess emotion perception as an endophenotype for SCZ. The results demonstrate that PRS is associated with higher recruitment of regions involved in emotion regulat...

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Neural representation of emotion regulation goals

Cited by 75 publications

References 87 publications

Exploring the Neurocircuitry Underpinning Predictability of Threat in Soldiers with PTSD Compared to Deployment Exposed Controls

Exploring the Neurocircuitry Underpinning Predictability of Threat in Soldiers with PTSD Compared to Deployment Exposed Controls

On Elementary Affective Decisions: To Like Or Not to Like, That Is the Question

The neuroimaging and genetics of emotion perception in schizophrenia

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