Neural reward processing in paediatric Tourette syndrome and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Akkermans, Sophie E.A.; Rooij, Daan van; Naaijen, Jilly; Forde, Natalie J.; Boecker-Schlier, Regina; Openneer, Thaïra J.C.; Dietrich, Andrea; Hoekstra, Pieter J.; Buitelaar, Jan K.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.08.004

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Reward sensitivity is not only of interest for a better understanding of adolescent behavior (Ernst et al, 2005;Bjork et al, 2010) but also allows for a better understanding of the development of mental health problems. Previously, reward related VS activation has been discussed in the context of different psychiatric disorders, e.g., Tourette syndrome, Eating Disorders, addiction disorders or ADHD (Paloyelis et al, 2012;Balodis and Potenza, 2015;Matton et al, 2017;Akkermans et al, 2019). However, varying reward probabilities used in the paradigms may have led to inconsistent findings in psychiatric populations, e.g., ADHD which ranges from no differences in VS activation (von Rhein et al, 2015) to hypoactivation in the VS for patients with ADHD (Plichta and Scheres, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Anticipation of Different Reward Probabilities in Adolescents and Adults

Bretzke

Wahl

Plichta

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Adolescence has been linked to an enhanced tolerance of uncertainty and risky behavior and is possibly connected to an increased response toward rewards. However, previous research has produced inconsistent findings. To investigate whether these findings are due to different reward probabilities used in the experimental design, we extended a monetary incentive delay (MID) task by including three different reward probabilities. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, 25 healthy adolescents and 22 adults were studied during anticipation of rewards in the VS. Differently colored cue stimuli indicated either a monetary or verbal trial and symbolized different reward probabilities, to which the participants were blinded. Results demonstrated faster reaction times for lower reward probabilities (33%) in both age groups. Adolescents were slower through all conditions and had less activation on a neural level. Imaging results showed a three-way interaction between age group x condition x reward probability with differences in percent signal change between adolescents and adults for the high reward probabilities (66%, 88%) while adolescents demonstrated differences for the lowest (33%). Therefore, previous inconsistent findings could be due to different reward probabilities, which makes examining these crucial for a better understanding of adolescent and adult behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Anticipation of Different Reward Probabilities in Adolescents and Adults

Bretzke

Wahl

Plichta

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Comparing results of this study to similar studies of reward responsivity using other modalities supports the idea of cerebral hypo-responsiveness in ADHD. For example, fMRI studies have reported subcortical (ventral striatum) 22 (right nucleus accumbens) 58 hypoactivation in ADHD during anticipation of reward. Other imaging studies have yielded results which might appear contradictory to ours, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Detrick

Zink

Rosch

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often demonstrates impairments in motivation and reward-related decision making in ADHD, believed to indicate dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway. Development of reliable, non-invasive, easily obtained, and quantitative biomarkers correlating with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms and impaired domains of function could aid in identifying meaningful ADHD subgroups and targeting appropriate treatments. To this end, 55 (37 male) 8–12-year-old children with ADHD and 50 (32 male) age-matched, typically-developing controls were enrolled in a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol- used previously to quantify cortical disinhibition in both ADHD and Parkinson’s Disease- with a child-friendly reward motivation task. The primary outcomes were reward task-induced changes in short interval cortical inhibition and up-modulation of motor evoked potential amplitudes, evaluated using mixed model, repeated measure regression. Our results show that both reward cues and reward receipt reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, and that baseline differences by diagnosis (less inhibition in ADHD) were no longer present when reward was cued or received. Similarly, both reward cues and reward receipt up-modulated motor evoked potential amplitudes, but, differentiating the two groups, this Task-Related-Up-Modulation was decreased in children with ADHD. Further, more severe hyperactive/impulsive symptoms correlated significantly with less up-modulation with success in obtaining reward. These results suggest that in children with ADHD, short interval cortical inhibition may reflect baseline deficiencies as well as processes that normalize performance under rewarded conditions. Task-Related-Up-Modulation may reflect general hypo-responsiveness in ADHD to both reward cue and, especially in more hyperactive/impulsive children, to successful reward receipt. These findings support transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked cortical inhibition and task-induced excitability as biomarkers of clinically relevant domains of dysfunction in childhood ADHD.

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“…A third paper of this fMRI-group from the Netherlands [ 55 ] investigated neural reward processing in 124 of these children (TD, n = 18; TD + ADHD, n = 29; ADHD, n = 29; HC, n = 48). Neural activation during reward anticipation and receipt was not associated with TD but with ADHD and is in line with the view of nucleus accumbens hypoactivation, related to transdiagnostic ADHD symptom severity and an additive model of TD + ADHD.…”

Section: Level “Abnormal Brain Conditions”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Occurrence of Tic Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—Does It Reflect a Common Neurobiological Background?

Rothenberger

Heinrich

2022

Biomedicines

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Background: The co-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TD + ADHD) has proven to be highly important in daily clinical practice. The factor ADHD is not only associated with further comorbidities, but also has a long-term negative psychosocial effect, while the factor TD is usually less disturbing for the major part of the patients. It remains unclear how far this is related to a different neurobiological background of the associated disorders or whether TD + ADHD reflects a common one. Objective: This review provides an update on the neurobiological background of TD + ADHD in order to better understand and treat this clinical problem, while clarifying whether an additive model of TD + ADHD holds true and should be used as a basis for further clinical recommendations. Method: A comprehensive research of the literature was conducted and analyzed, including existing clinical guidelines for both TD and ADHD. Besides genetical and environmental risk factors, brain structure and functions, neurophysiological processes and neurotransmitter systems were reviewed. Results: Only a limited number of empirical studies on the neurobiological background of TD and ADHD have taken the peculiarity of co-existing TD + ADHD into consideration, and even less studies have used a 2 × 2 factorial design in order to disentangle the impact/effects of the factors of TD versus those of ADHD. Nevertheless, the assumption that TD + ADHD can best be seen as an additive model at all levels of investigation was strengthened, although some overlap of more general, disorder non-specific aspects seem to exist. Conclusion: Beyond stress-related transdiagnostic aspects, separate specific disturbances in certain neuronal circuits may lead to disorder-related symptoms inducing TD + ADHD in an additive way. Hence, within a classificatory categorical framework, the dimensional aspects of multilevel diagnostic-profiling seem to be a helpful precondition for personalized decisions on counselling and disorder-specific treatment in TD + ADHD.

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Neural reward processing in paediatric Tourette syndrome and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Anticipation of Different Reward Probabilities in Adolescents and Adults

Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Anticipation of Different Reward Probabilities in Adolescents and Adults

Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Co-Occurrence of Tic Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder—Does It Reflect a Common Neurobiological Background?

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