Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Phan, K. Luan; Fitzgerald, Daniel A.; Nathan, Pradeep J.; Moore, Gregory J.; Uhde, Thomas W.; Tancer, Manuel E.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.030

Cited by 792 publications

(738 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The aMCC is activated by several cognitive tasks that are required and emphasized in CBT for OCD: selective attention to one's own emotional responses, 50,51 mindful awareness of one's own emotional state, reappraisal of negative stimuli, 52 and suppression of arousal 53 and negative affect. 54 Efferent projections from the aMCC to the amygdala appear to modulate amygdala activity. 55 Activity in the aMCC is positively correlated with the magnitude of decrease in negative affect when subjects reappraise their emotional responses to negative photographs, 52,54 and is negatively correlated with left amygdala activity when subjects label threatening photographs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54 Efferent projections from the aMCC to the amygdala appear to modulate amygdala activity. 55 Activity in the aMCC is positively correlated with the magnitude of decrease in negative affect when subjects reappraise their emotional responses to negative photographs, 52,54 and is negatively correlated with left amygdala activity when subjects label threatening photographs. 56 Thus, in OCD patients, an increase in aMCC activity after intensive CBT could represent an improved ability to reappraise and suppress negative emotional responses, perhaps by inhibiting exaggerated amygdala responses to stimuli that previously provoked obsessional fears and compulsive urges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid effects of brief intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain glucose metabolism in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Saxena

Gorbis²,

O’Neill³

et al. 2008

Mol Psychiatry

126

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Brief intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using exposure and response prevention significantly improves obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms in as little as 4 weeks. However, it has been thought that much longer treatment was needed to produce the changes in brain function seen in neuroimaging studies of OCD. We sought to elucidate the brain mediation of response to brief intensive CBT for OCD and determine whether this treatment could induce functional brain changes previously seen after longer trials of pharmacotherapy or standard CBT. [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography brain scans were obtained on 10 OCD patients before and after 4 weeks of intensive individual CBT. Twelve normal controls were scanned twice, several weeks apart, without treatment. Regional glucose metabolic changes were compared between groups. OCD symptoms, depression, anxiety and overall functioning improved robustly with treatment. Significant changes in normalized regional glucose metabolism were seen after brief intensive CBT (P = 0.04). Compared to controls, OCD patients showed significant bilateral decreases in normalized thalamic metabolism with intensive CBT but had a significant increase in right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity that correlated strongly with the degree of improvement in OCD symptoms (P = 0.02). The rapid response of OCD to intensive CBT is mediated by a distinct pattern of changes in regional brain function. Reduction of thalamic activity may be a final common pathway for improvement in OCD, but response to intensive CBT may require activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region involved in reappraisal and suppression of negative emotions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid effects of brief intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain glucose metabolism in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Saxena

Gorbis²,

O’Neill³

et al. 2008

Mol Psychiatry

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, it is interesting that emotional regulation has stressed attentional control as a mechanism by which this might be achieved (Ochsner et al, 2002). Studies of emotional reappraisal frequently implicate dACC (Phan et al, 2005;Ochsner et al, 2002;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common regions of dorsal anterior cingulate and prefrontal–parietal cortices provide attentional control of distracters varying in emotionality and visibility

et al. 2007

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Top-down attentional control is necessary to ensure successful task performance in the presence of distracters. Lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex have been previously implicated in top-down attentional control. However, it is unclear whether these regions are engaged independent of distracter type or whether, as has been suggested for anterior cingulate cortex, different regions provide attentional control over emotional versus other forms of salient distracter. In the current task, subjects viewed targets that were preceded by distracters that varied in both emotionality and visibility. We found that behaviorally, the presence of preceding distracters significantly interfered with target judgment. At the neural level, increases in the emotional and visual saliency of distracters were both associated with increased activity in proximal regions of prefrontal, parietal and cingulate cortex. Moreover, a conjunction analysis indicated considerable overlap in the regions of prefrontal, parietal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex responding to distracters of increased emotionality and visibility.

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“…Main theories concerning the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation promote a neural system comprising medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortical activations that exert control over basal emotion processing and emotion generating areas such as within the amygdala (Ochsner and Gross, 2005). This is well supported by neuroanatomical evidence (Quirk et al, 2003) and by functional neuroimaging (Johnstone et al, 2007;Ochsner and Gross, 2005;Phan et al, 2005). This system is also considered to form a basis for functional models of emotional disturbances in affective disorders such as depression and anxiety (Bishop, 2009;DeRubeis et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model mainly concerns external events and intended regulation, and it was derived from respective studies (e.g. Johnstone et al, 2007;Ochsner and Gross, 2005;Phan et al, 2005). However, unpleasant emotions often arise without an explicit external trigger and are experienced as internally generated, which is also the case in depression and anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-related awareness and emotion regulation

et al. 2010

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The regulation of emotions is an ongoing internal process and often a challenge. Current related neural models concern the intended control of reactions towards external events, mediated by prefrontal cortex regions upon basal emotion processing as in the amygdala. Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions in the context of affective disorders or stress reduction, increasingly applied in clinical practice, are also related to mindfulness techniques. We questioned their effects on neural emotion processing and investigated brain activity during purely internal mental self-referential processes of making current emotions and self-related cognitions aware. Thirty healthy subjects performed a task comprising periods of cognitive self-reflection, of introspection for actual own emotions and feelings, and of a neutral condition, while they were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain activations of twenty-seven subjects during emotion-introspection and self-reflection, and also a conjunction of both, were compared with the neutral condition. The conditions of self-reflection and emotion-introspection showed distinguishable activations in medial and ventrolateral prefrontal areas, in parietal regions and in the amygdala. Notably, amygdala activity decreased during emotion-introspection and increased compared to 'neutral' during self-reflection. The results indicate that already the self-referential mental state of making the actual emotional state aware is capable of attenuating emotional arousal. This extends current theories of emotion regulation and has implications for the application of mindfulness techniques as a component of psychotherapeutic strategies in affective disorders and also for possible everyday emotion regulation. AbstractThe regulation of emotions is an ongoing internal process and often a challenge. Current related neural models concern the intended control of reactions towards external events, mediated by prefrontal cortex regions upon basal emotion processing as in the amygdala. Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions in the context of affective disorders or stress reduction, increasingly applied in clinical practice, are also related to mindfulness techniques. We questioned their effects on neural emotion processing and investigated brain activity during purely internal mental selfreferential processes of making current emotions and self-related cognitions aware. Thirty healthy subjects performed a task comprising periods of cognitive self-reflection, of introspection for actual own emotions and feelings, and of a neutral condition, while they were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain activations of twenty-seven subjects during emotion-introspection and self-reflection, and also a conjunction of both, were compared with the neutral condition. The conditions of self-reflection and emotion-introspection showed distinguishable activations in medial and ventrolateral prefrontal areas, in parietal regions and in the amygdala. Notably, amygdala activ...

show abstract

Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Cited by 792 publications

References 85 publications

Rapid effects of brief intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain glucose metabolism in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Rapid effects of brief intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain glucose metabolism in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Common regions of dorsal anterior cingulate and prefrontal–parietal cortices provide attentional control of distracters varying in emotionality and visibility

Self-related awareness and emotion regulation

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