Neural tissue engineering: the influence of scaffold surface topography and extracellular matrix microenvironment

Yang, Chun-Yi; Huang, Weiyuan; Chen, Liang-Hsin; Liang, Nai‐Wen; Wang, Huan-Chih; Lü, Jiaju; Wang, Xiumei; Wang, Tzu‐Wei

doi:10.1039/d0tb01605e

Cited by 106 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The primary considerations in the treatment of nerve injuries are understanding the pathomechanisms behind nerve damage and associated soft tissue or vascular injuries [6]. The cellular and molecular responses to nerve injuries are dependent on many factors, particularly the location of the nerve, the time elapsed, and patient age [7]. With PNS injuries, physical trauma can lead to the death of the axons, demyelination of the supporting Schwann cells and production of myelin debris, and the infiltration of macrophages in response to changes in chemokine and cytokine secretion.…”

Section: The Conditions Of the Injury Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an effective therapeutic strategy to bring functional recovery is urgently needed worldwide and requires further extensive studies to overcome the current limitations [3,5,6]. As such, studies that focus on the regeneration of dysfunctional neural tissues and restoring or improving lost tissue function have revealed that nerve conduit transplantation might have the potential to be used as alternative therapies to autografts in the treatment of nerve injury [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Electrospun Nerve Guidance Conduits for Engineering Neural Regeneration

2022

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Injuries to the peripheral nervous system result in devastating consequences with loss of motor and sensory function and lifelong impairments. Current treatments have largely relied on surgical procedures, including nerve autografts to repair damaged nerves. Despite improvements to the surgical procedures over the years, the clinical success of nerve autografts is limited by fundamental issues, such as low functionality and mismatching between the damaged and donor nerves. While peripheral nerves can regenerate to some extent, the resultant outcomes are often disappointing, particularly for serious injuries, and the ongoing loss of function due to poor nerve regeneration is a serious public health problem worldwide. Thus, a successful therapeutic modality to bring functional recovery is urgently needed. With advances in three-dimensional cell culturing, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have emerged as a promising strategy for improving functional outcomes. Therefore, they offer a potential therapeutic alternative to nerve autografts. NGCs are tubular biostructures to bridge nerve injury sites via orienting axonal growth in an organized fashion as well as supplying a supportively appropriate microenvironment. Comprehensive NGC creation requires fundamental considerations of various aspects, including structure design, extracellular matrix components and cell composition. With these considerations, the production of an NGC that mimics the endogenous extracellular matrix structure can enhance neuron–NGC interactions and thereby promote regeneration and restoration of function in the target area. The use of electrospun fibrous substrates has a high potential to replicate the native extracellular matrix structure. With recent advances in electrospinning, it is now possible to generate numerous different biomimetic features within the NGCs. This review explores the use of electrospinning for the regeneration of the nervous system and discusses the main requirements, challenges and advances in developing and applying the electrospun NGC in the clinical practice of nerve injuries.

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Section: The Conditions Of the Injury Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electrospun Nerve Guidance Conduits for Engineering Neural Regeneration

2022

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“…Moreover, SEM imaging is also used to assess the ability to control regeneration, replacement, and stimulation of neural cells—features that are extremely important for the diagnostics and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease. The degeneration and death of neural cells have enormous health consequences prompting a lot of innovative research in the field of neural engineering [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Morphometric Analysis Of Model Eukaryotic Cells: B35 Neuroblastoma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To relate topographic cues to specific cell responses, surface must be well analysed with respect to width, depth of the grooves and microgrids, the length or diameter of the fibres, and the shapes of the holes, etc. Moreover, not only the topography but also the dimensions of individual features play a significant role in the development of cells, since surface features which are similar in size to neurons can enhance cell–substrate interactions [ 66 , 70 , 72 ]. Consequently, SEM imaging of neural cells on the surface of biomaterials enables to predict and control cell adhesion, spreading, alignment, and morphological changes.…”

Section: Morphometric Analysis Of Model Eukaryotic Cells: B35 Neuroblastoma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for a Morphometric Analysis of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Czerwińska-Główka

Krukiewicz

2021

Cells

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The invention of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pushed the imaging methods and allowed for the observation of cell details with a high resolution. Currently, SEM appears as an extremely useful tool to analyse the morphology of biological samples. The aim of this paper is to provide a set of guidelines for using SEM to analyse morphology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, taking as model cases Escherichia coli bacteria and B-35 rat neuroblastoma cells. Herein, we discuss the necessity of a careful sample preparation and provide an optimised protocol that allows to observe the details of cell ultrastructure (≥ 50 nm) with a minimum processing effort. Highlighting the versatility of morphometric descriptors, we present the most informative parameters and couple them with molecular processes. In this way, we indicate the wide range of information that can be collected through SEM imaging of biological materials that makes SEM a convenient screening method to detect cell pathology.

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“…The nervous system consists of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), supporting communication between the body and the brain, and the central nervous system (CNS), integrating information from various organ systems [1]. The CNS contains a variety of neuronal cell types connected by axons and dendrites that together build complex neural networks through migration, differentiation, and synapse formation, and realize complex brain functions including transmission, storage, and processing of information, thereby controlling behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Regulation of Neural Differentiation and Injury in PC12 Cells Using Microstructure Topographic Cues

Sun

Gong

et al. 2021

Biosensors

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In this study, we designed and manufactured a series of different microstructure topographical cues for inducing neuronal differentiation of cells in vitro, with different topography, sizes, and structural complexities. We cultured PC12 cells in these microstructure cues and then induced neural differentiation using nerve growth factor (NGF). The pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 is a validated neuronal cell model that is widely used to study neuronal differentiation. Relevant markers of neural differentiation and cytoskeletal F-actin were characterized. Cellular immunofluorescence detection and axon length analysis showed that the differentiation of PC12 cells was significantly different under different isotropic and anisotropic topographic cues. The expression differences of the growth cone marker growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) genes were also studied in different topographic cues. Our results revealed that the physical environment has an important influence on the differentiation of neuronal cells, and 3D constraints could be used to guide axon extension. In addition, the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to detect the differentiation and injury of PC12 cells under different topographic cues. Finally, we discussed the feasibility of combining the topographic cues and the microfluidic chip for neural differentiation research.

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Neural tissue engineering: the influence of scaffold surface topography and extracellular matrix microenvironment

Abstract: During nervous system development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role through surface topography and microenvironment signals in neurons and neurites maturation. Topography and microenvironment signals act as physical...

Cited by 106 publications

References 156 publications

Advances in Electrospun Nerve Guidance Conduits for Engineering Neural Regeneration

Advances in Electrospun Nerve Guidance Conduits for Engineering Neural Regeneration

Guidelines for a Morphometric Analysis of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Investigating the Regulation of Neural Differentiation and Injury in PC12 Cells Using Microstructure Topographic Cues

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