Neuraminidase production of Propionibacterium acnes and related bacteria

Increased interferon-γ, interleukin-12p40 and IL-8 production in Propionibacterium acnes-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patient with acne vulgaris

“…Heterogeneity of P. acnes in acne patients with difference in enzymatic or hemolytic properties has been reported [19]. In the present study, P. acnes from healthy subjects and acne patients induced inflammatory cytokines.…”

The Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Propionibacterium acnes Keratitis

“…10,11 Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that P. acnes has cytotoxic and broad antigenic properties that enable it to incite both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Vowels et al 15 have demonstrated that a soluble factor released by P. acnes can induce peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete interleukin-1b, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which, in turn, have been shown to result in the chemoattraction of neutrophils, basophils, and T cells and the stimulation of other inflammatory mediators such as the leukotrienes and prostaglandins. 16 Recent sequencing of the P. acnes genome has also revealed numerous genes involved in host tissue degradation and immunogenicity.…”

Nicotinamide inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-induced IL-8 production in keratinocytes through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways

“…It is a member of the normal skin flora, but its concentration increases by several orders of magnitude in the environment created by the abnormally desquamated follicular corneocytes contributing to the inflammatory nature of acne. Several mechanisms are involved in disruption of the follicular epithelium, in which P. acnes produces enzymes such as lipases, proteases, and hyaluronidases [13]. P. acnes also produces low-molecular weight, serum-independent chemotactic factors that attract neutrophils, through the epithelium wall, to the sebaceous follicle lumen.…”