(Neuro)inflammation and neuroprogression as new pathways and drug targets in depression: From antioxidants to kinase inhibitors

Prognostic Significance of Depressive Symptoms on Weight Loss and Psychosocial Outcomes Following Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Prospective 24-Month Follow-Up Study

“…Alternatively, the current results could be interpreted to indicate that depressive features may be a consequence – rather than a cause – of poorer weight outcomes. Furthermore, it is possible that dysregulated biological pathways, such as immune inflammation 39 , oxidative stress 40,41 , or neuroprogression, could be implicated in both the suppressed weight loss and depressive features. 42 Collectively, these findings might suggest that pre-surgery depression, although common, may not require specific additional clinical intervention prior to gastric bypass unless it is severe enough to interfere with a patient’s ability to adhere to self-care 43 .…”

The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug piroxicam reverses the onset of depressive-like behavior in 6-OHDA animal model of Parkinson’s disease

“…The hypothesis that depression is related to neuroinflammation is supported by the antiinflammatory effects of many antidepressants that are used in clinical practice. Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors act through different mechanisms and have different neurotransmitter actions, but all of them have antiinflammatory properties (Lu et al, 2010;Maes et al, 2011). Evidence indicates that the neurodegenerative process in clinical depression occurs through inflammatory pathways (CatenaDell'Osso et al, 2011;Kubera et al, 2011;Maes et al, 2011;Leonard and Maes, 2012).…”

Pain and the relationship with mood and anxiety disorders and psychological symptoms

“…A significant overlap of brain regions, namely the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, implicated in these two conditions provides another possibly explanation [6]. Inflammation appears to be a common pathway implicated in both pain and mood disorders [34,35]. It has been previously conceptualised that both pain and depression are symptoms under the umbrella term "sickness syndrome", a phenomenon seen in the presence of inflammatory cytokines [36].…”