NeuroAIDS

Minagar, Alireza; Commins, Deborah; Alexander, John; Hoque, Romy; Chiappelli, Francesco; Singer, Elyse J.; Nikbin, Behrooz; Shapshak, Paul

doi:10.1007/bf03256266

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Prior to the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 20–30% of individuals in Western countries with advanced HIV infection displayed symptoms of the most severe form of HAND, HIV-associated dementia (HAD) (Kaul et al 2005). Even in the HAART era, nearly 40% of HIV-positive patients continue to suffer from HAND and a significant number of HIV-1 infected patients show progressive loss of cognitive abilities (Antinori et al 2007b; Boisse et al 2008; Minagar et al 2008). Despite the decline of severe HAND incidence, neurological complications remain an important cause of disability and death, and the overall prevalence of HAND may increase as HIV-infected individuals live longer (Kandanearatchi et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An initial screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders of HIV-1 infected patients in China

et al. 2012

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HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), characterized by cognitive, motor, and behavioral abnormalities, are common among people living with HIV and AIDS. In combined antiretroviral therapy era in Western countries, nearly 40% of HIV-infected patients continue to suffer from HAND, mainly with mild or asymptomatic cognitive impairment. However, the prevalence and the clinical features of HAND in China are still not well known. In this study, a multi-center cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence and clinical features of HAND in 134 HIV-1 infected patients in China. The International HIV Dementia Scale and a neuropsychological test battery were administered for screening and diagnosis HAND. Subjective complaints, CD4 count and viral loads in both blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were correlated with diagnosis of HAND. The results showed that the prevalence of HAND was approximately 37% in these patients. CD4 counts at time of sampling were significant lower in the HAND group than in the non-HAND group. But the distribution of the HAND severity did not differ by CD4 count or viral load. The presence of HAND was associated with cognitive and behavior disorder complaints (4.9- and 4.1-fold higher than those without HAND, respectively). The present data suggest that CD4 count and viral load cannot predict the severity of HAND, although the prevalence of HAND is similar to previous report in these patients. Cognitive and behavioral disorder is major complaint rather than cognitive and motor impairment. A larger prospective study is needed to obtain better estimates of HAND in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An initial screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders of HIV-1 infected patients in China

et al. 2012

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“…However, several neurological complications are now being seen due to HIV-1 associated injury of neurons by infected microglia and astrocytes (neuroAIDS) [53–55]. Furthermore, these effects are further exacerbated with opiate use and abuse [54,56–59].…”

Section: Chemokine Receptor Bivalent Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bivalent Ligands Targeting Chemokine Receptor Dimerization: Molecular Design and Functional Studies

Arnatt¹,

Zhang²

2014

CTMC

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Increasing evidence has shown that chemokine receptors may form functional dimers with unique pharmacological profiles. A common practice to characterize such G protein-coupled receptor dimerization processes is to apply bivalent ligands as chemical probes which can interact with both receptors simultaneously. Currently, two chemokine receptor dimers have been studied by applying bivalent compounds: the CXCR4-CXCR4 homodimer and the CCR5-MOR heterodimer. These bivalent compounds have revealed how dimerization influences receptor function and may lead to novel therapeutics. Future design of bivalent ligands for chemokine receptor dimers may be aided with the recently available CXCR4 homodimer, and CCR5 monomer crystal structures by more accurately simulating chemokine receptors and their dimers.

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“…Two distinctly recognizable conditions resulting from HIV-1 infection of the CNS are HAD and the less severe, subsyndromic condition called minor cognitive motor disorder (MCMD) (Cherner et al, 2002; Gartner, 2000; McArthur et al, 2003; Minagar et al, 2008; Williams & Hickey, 2002). Patients with either of these conditions are classified collectively as having NCI.…”

Section: Clinical Diagnoses Of Hiv-1 Cns Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation and HIV-Associated Neurologic Disease

Dahiya¹,

Irish²,

Nonnemacher³

et al. 2013

Advances in Virus Research

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HIV-associated neurologic disease continues to be a significant complication in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A substantial subset of the HIV-infected population shows impaired neuropsychological performance as a result of HIV-mediated neuroinflammation and eventual central nervous system (CNS) injury. CNS compartmentalization of HIV, coupled with the evolution of genetically isolated populations in the CNS, is responsible for poor prognosis in patients with AIDS, warranting further investigation and possible additions to the current therapeutic strategy. This chapter reviews key advances in the field of neuropathogenesis and studies that have highlighted how molecular diversity within the HIV genome may impact HIV-associated neurologic disease. We also discuss the possible functional implications of genetic variation within the viral promoter and possibly other regions of the viral genome, especially in the cells of monocyte–macrophage lineage, which are arguably key cellular players in HIV-associated CNS disease.

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NeuroAIDS

Cited by 48 publications

References 213 publications

An initial screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders of HIV-1 infected patients in China

An initial screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders of HIV-1 infected patients in China

Bivalent Ligands Targeting Chemokine Receptor Dimerization: Molecular Design and Functional Studies

Genetic Variation and HIV-Associated Neurologic Disease

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