Neuroanatomical basis of binaural phase-difference analysis for sound localization: A comparative study.

Masterton, Bruce; Thompson, Glenn C.; Bechtold, J. K. Brunso; RoBards, Martine J.

doi:10.1037/h0077034

Cited by 135 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Species with small heads and highfrequency hearing probably do not have interaural time or phase differences in a range that would be useful for sound localization, and in some cases they appear to lack an MSO (1,3,4). However, in other cases, notably in echolocating bats, a large MSO is present despite a small head size and high-frequency hearing range (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monaural interaction of excitation and inhibition in the medial superior olive of the mustached bat: an adaptation for biosonar.

Grothe

Vater

Casseday

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In most mammals, the superior olive is the first stage for binaural interaction. Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) receive excitatory input from both ears and are sensitive to interaural time or phase differences of low-frequency sounds. The mustached bat (Pteronotusparnelli parneffii), a small echolocating species with high-frequency hearing, probably does not use interaural time or phase differences as cues for sound localization. Although the mustached bat has a large MSO, there is some evidence that it is functionally different from the MSO in nonecholocating mammals. Most MSO neurons in the mustached bat are monaural, excited by a contralateral sound. Their responses are phasic and correlated with either the onset or the offset of a sound. As a first step in determining the origin of these phasic monaural responses, we traced the connections of the MSO by using both retrograde and anterograde transport methods. Excitatory inputs to the MSO originate from spherical cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, almost exclusively from the contralateral side. Glycinergic inhibitory input is relayed from the contralateral cochlear nucleus through the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. To investigate the interactions of the contralateral excitatory and inhibitory inputs at the level of the MSO cell, we recorded sound-evoked responses and applied glycine or its antagonist by using microiontophoresis. The results show that the phasic response to a contralateral sound is created by interaction of a sustained excitatory input with a sustained inhibitory input, also from the contralateral ear. Whether the response is to the onset or offset of a sound is determined by the relative timing between the excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Thus, in MSO of the mustached bat, the ipsilateral excitatory pathway from the cochlear nucleus seen in animals with low-frequency hearing is virtually absent, and the MSO is adapted for timing analysis by using input from only the contralateral ear.The mammalian superior olivary complex is the first stage at which there is convergence of inputs from the two ears. The current view of its function is that it provides two parallel pathways to the auditory midbrain, each of which is specialized to compare sound at the two ears and transmit basic information necessary for sound localization. In this scheme, neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) are selective for interaural sound level differences and neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) are selective for interaural time or phase differences (1, 2).This view of MSO function is based mainly on data obtained in mammals with large heads and good lowfrequency hearing. Species with small heads and highfrequency hearing probably do not have interaural time or phase differences in a range that would be useful for sound localization, and in some cases they appear to lack an MSO (1, 3, 4). However, in other cases, notably in echolocating bats, a large MSO is present despite a small head size and high-frequency hearing rang...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monaural interaction of excitation and inhibition in the medial superior olive of the mustached bat: an adaptation for biosonar.

Grothe

Vater

Casseday

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…MSO of mammalian species is primarily concerned with localization of sound sources emitting low frequencies (Masterton et al 1975;Heffner & Masterton, 1990). …”

Section: Msomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex by calcium binding proteins and synaptophysin

et al. 2005

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This study was performed in order to characterize the main nuclei of the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex by means of antibodies against the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin. These markers revealed the neuronal morphology and organization of nuclei located within the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex. The architectural details included the distribution of axonal terminals on neurons. The medial superior olivary nucleus was present as a column of neurons. No clear segregation of calretinin-positive terminals was noticed on the medial and lateral dendritic fields of these neurons.The lateral superior olivary nucleus was characterized by a distinct nuclear shape. Calretinin-, parvalbumin-or calbindin-positive terminals contacted somata and dendrites. The medial nucleus of trapezoid body could be clearly differentiated as a distinct region in the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex. Somata of that nucleus showed calbindin-and parvalbumin-labelling whereas somatic calyces of Held were reavealed by calretinin and synaptophysin labelling. The results are discussed with respect to the processing of acoustic information in primate species and their ability to hear high and low frequencies, which is reflected by anatomical correlates.

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“…The angles tested were 180 , 120 , 90 , 60 , 30 , 20 , 15 , 10 , and 5 . Localization performance for pure-tones and amplitude modulated tones was determined using a fixed angle of 60 separation, a relatively easy angle for this species and one that allows direct comparison with data from many other species (e.g., Masterton et al, 1975). Pure tones throughout the hearing range were used as long as they could be produced at 40-50 dB above threshold without distortion.…”

Section: E Behavioral Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound localization in common vampire bats: Acuity and use of the binaural time cue by a small mammal

Heffner

Koay

Heffner

2015

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Passive sound-localization acuity and the ability to use binaural time and intensity cues were determined for the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus). The bats were tested using a conditioned suppression/avoidance procedure in which they drank defibrinated blood from a spout in the presence of sounds from their right, but stopped drinking (i.e., broke contact with the spout) whenever a sound came from their left, thereby avoiding a mild shock. The mean minimum audible angle for three bats for a 100-ms noise burst was 13.1 -within the range of thresholds for other bats and near the mean for mammals. Common vampire bats readily localized pure tones of 20 kHz and higher, indicating they could use interaural intensity-differences. They could also localize pure tones of 5 kHz and lower, thereby demonstrating the use of interaural time-differences, despite their very small maximum interaural distance of 60 ls. A comparison of the use of locus cues among mammals suggests several implications for the evolution of sound localization and its underlying anatomical and physiological mechanisms.

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Neuroanatomical basis of binaural phase-difference analysis for sound localization: A comparative study.

Cited by 135 publications

References 27 publications

Monaural interaction of excitation and inhibition in the medial superior olive of the mustached bat: an adaptation for biosonar.

Monaural interaction of excitation and inhibition in the medial superior olive of the mustached bat: an adaptation for biosonar.

Characterization of the rhesus monkey superior olivary complex by calcium binding proteins and synaptophysin

Sound localization in common vampire bats: Acuity and use of the binaural time cue by a small mammal

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