Sound localization in common vampire bats: Acuity and use of the binaural time cue by a small mammal

Heffner, Rickye S.; Koay, Gimseong; Heffner, Henry E.

doi:10.1121/1.4904529

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Bats and other small mammals have been shown to estimate azimuth with an accuracy of <10degrees (the exact accuracy depends on the azimuth, (e.g. [ 35 , 36 ])). This accuracy accounts for an inter-aural time difference of <10 μ s which is in accordance with our sampling rate (sampling at 250kHz is equivalent to an error of ~5 μ s when estimating time differences between two ears).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fully autonomous terrestrial bat-like acoustic robot

et al. 2018

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Echolocating bats rely on active sound emission (echolocation) for mapping novel environments and navigating through them. Many theoretical frameworks have been suggested to explain how they do so, but few attempts have been made to build an actual robot that mimics their abilities. Here, we present the ‘Robat’—a fully autonomous bat-like terrestrial robot that relies on echolocation to move through a novel environment while mapping it solely based on sound. Using the echoes reflected from the environment, the Robat delineates the borders of objects it encounters, and classifies them using an artificial neural-network, thus creating a rich map of its environment. Unlike most previous attempts to apply sonar in robotics, we focus on a biological bat-like approach, which relies on a single emitter and two ears, and we apply a biological plausible signal processing approach to extract information about objects’ position and identity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fully autonomous terrestrial bat-like acoustic robot

et al. 2018

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“…Only a few animal studies have investigated sound localization to the envelopes of highfrequency sounds. There are small animals like the Jamaican fruit bat and common vampire bat, similar in size to mice, that can use the envelope ITD as a sound localization cue Heffner et al, 2015), although other species of bats could not localize an AM tone with a low-frequency carrier (Heffner et al, 2010a;Heffner et al, 2010b). In laboratory rats, sound localization performance may be enhanced by amplitude modulation (Wesolek et al, 2010).…”

Section: Itd Sensitivity In the Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous psychophysical studies have shown that human listeners use the ITD in the envelope as a sound localization cue as well as the ITD in the fine structure (Bernstein et al, 1994;Bernstein et al, 2002;Bernstein et al, 2008;Bernstein et al, 2012;Klein-Hennig et al, 2011;McFadden et al, 1976;Nuetzel et al, 1976). Furthermore, behavioral studies suggested that some animals also localize the sound using the ITD in the envelope Heffner et al, 2015;Keating et al, 2013;Li et al, 2019). The neural basis of envelope ITD coding begins with the auditory nerve that is well-synchronized to AM sound in this range of modulation (Joris et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal sensitivity to the interaural time difference of the sound envelope in the mouse inferior colliculus

2020

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We examined the sensitivity of the neurons in the mouse inferior colliculus (IC) to the interaural time differences (ITD) conveyed in the sound envelope. Utilizing optogenetic methods, we compared the responses to the ITD in the envelope of identified glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. More than half of both cell types were sensitive to the envelope ITD, and the ITD curves were aligned at their troughs. Within the physiological ITD range of mice (±50 μs), the ITD curves of both cell types had a higher firing rate when the contralateral envelope preceded the ipsilateral envelope. These results show that the circuitry to process ITD persists in the mouse despite its lack of low-frequency hearing. The sensitivity of IC neurons to ITD is most likely to be shaped by the binaural interaction of excitation and inhibition in the lateral superior olive.

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“…Such ultrasonic waves are usually short in wavelength, wide in spectrum, have good time resolution, and can be used to quickly determine the direction, distance, and characteristics of the target. Bats can utilize accurate time measurement and binaural time difference for localization [17]. Figure 1 shows the echolocation signal of Bechstein’s bat ( Myotis bechsteinii ).…”

Section: Bioinspired Waveform Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bioinspired Twin Inverted Multiscale Matched Filtering Method for Detecting an Underwater Moving Target in a Reverberant Environment

Sheng

Dong

Guo

et al. 2019

Sensors

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To this day, biological sonar systems still have great performance advantages over artificial sonar systems, especially for detection in environments with clutter, strong reverberation, and a low signal to noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, mammal sonar systems, for instance, bats and toothed whales, have many characteristics worth learning from. This paper proposes a bioinspired twin inverted multiscale matched filtering method to detect underwater moving targets. This method can be mainly divided into three parts. Firstly, a hyperbolic frequency modulation (HFM) continuous wave (CW) multiharmonic detection signal was adopted after analyzing signals from bats and dolphins. This signal combines the advantages of CW and HFM signals and has excellent time measurement and speed measurement performance when detecting a moving target. Secondly, the twin inverted waveform was introduced to suppress strong linear reverberation and highlight moving targets. The pulse interval was determined by assessing the reverberation reduction time. Thirdly, when processing echoes, a multiscale matched filtering method was proposed to make use of multiharmonic information and improve detection performance. Finally, a channel pool experiment was carried out to test the performance of the proposed method. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed method has better performance when detecting a moving target in a reverberant environment compared to the conventional matched filtering method. Related results can be applied to small underwater platforms or sensor network platforms for target detection and coastal defense applications.

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Sound localization in common vampire bats: Acuity and use of the binaural time cue by a small mammal

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

A fully autonomous terrestrial bat-like acoustic robot

A fully autonomous terrestrial bat-like acoustic robot

Neuronal sensitivity to the interaural time difference of the sound envelope in the mouse inferior colliculus

A Bioinspired Twin Inverted Multiscale Matched Filtering Method for Detecting an Underwater Moving Target in a Reverberant Environment

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