Neurobiology and Neuroimaging of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus: Implications for Neuropsychiatry

Martindale, Sarah L.; Hurley, Robin A.; Taber, Katherine H.

doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17080163

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…We propose that reduced tubulin proteins could in part explain lowered cortical thickness recorded by neuroimaging studies of chronic alcohol users [ 64 ]. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the PFC is particularly susceptible to damage and reduced cortical thickness [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], in keeping with our demonstration that the PFC had the most significant reductions of tubulins when compared to other brain regions examined [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Although neuroimaging studies have highlighted brain regional volumetric shrinkage in alcoholic patients [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], investigations that have addressed whether repeated alcohol exposures induce global neuronal cell death and brain atrophy in chronic alcohol abusers (at autopsy) have been equivocal [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. To provide an insight into alcohol-induced neuronal cell damage, we compared the PFC protein profiles from control, alcoholic, (non-alcoholic) suicide, and suicide alcoholics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of chronic alcohol abuse to trigger global neuronal cell death has been a topic of debate, with neurotoxicity of alcohol likely cell-type specific, and display brain regional bias [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Pathological analyses, as well as structural neuroimaging studies, have reported brain volumetric losses in alcoholic cohorts, with reduced cortical and subcortical grey and white matter shown [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The frontal regions of the cortex have been recognized as particularly susceptible to the damaging effects of alcohol [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol-induced neuronal loss may in part be balanced by periods of neurogenesis during abstinence [ 30 ] with a partial reversion of the volumetric losses detected using neuroimaging [ 19 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Loss of α- and β-Tubulin Proteins Are a Pathological Hallmark of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Natural Brain Ageing

et al. 2018

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Repetitive excessive alcohol intoxication leads to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. We examined cytoskeletal protein expression in human post-mortem tissue from Brodmann’s area 9 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Brain samples from 44 individuals were divided into equal groups of 11 control, 11 alcoholic, 11 non-alcoholic suicides, and 11 suicide alcoholics matched for age, sex, and post-mortem delay. Tissue from alcoholic cohorts displayed significantly reduced expression of α- and β-tubulins, and increased levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Protein levels of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6), and the microtubule-associated proteins MAP-2 and MAP-tau were reduced in alcoholic cohorts, although for MAPs this was not significant. Tubulin gene expressions increased in alcoholic cohorts but not significantly. Brains from rats administered alcohol for 4 weeks also displayed significantly reduced tubulin protein levels and increased α-tubulin acetylation. PFC tissue from control subjects had reduced tubulin protein expression that was most notable from the sixth to the eighth decade of life. Collectively, loss of neuronal tubulin proteins are a hallmark of both chronic alcohol consumption and natural brain ageing. The reduction of cytosolic tubulin proteins could contribute to the brain volumetric losses reported for alcoholic patients and the elderly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Loss of α- and β-Tubulin Proteins Are a Pathological Hallmark of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Natural Brain Ageing

et al. 2018

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“…Some authors demonstrated that HCV infects microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial cells, neuroepithelioma cells, and neuroblastoma cells. More recent studies showed that CSF was found to be HCV positive in more than 50% of patients with HCV [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Neurocognitive Impairments and Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Impairments and Depression and Their Relationship to Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Stănculete¹

2018

Liver Research and Clinical Management

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The hepatitis C virus is a blood-borne virus with a direct cytopathic action. Chronic hepatitis C is a prevalent and costly disease. Studies have shown that it is a significant overlap between hepatitis C virus and mental disorders and that a substantial number of patients infected are suffering from mood disturbances and neurocognitive impairment. Recently, the neurocognitive impairments (attention, memory, and executive function alterations) were recognized as being independent of liver fibrosis and representing the direct effect of hepatitis C virus on neurons. However, until now impairments in neurocognition are not associated with viral replication or overall viral burden. Moreover, interferon alpha is still used to treat patients with hepatitis C. According to various researchers, 30-70% will develop significant psychiatric symptoms, leading to a premature discontinuation of therapy or noncompliance and worsening of quality of life. Several potential mechanisms may be implicated in the onset of a depressive episode following interferon alpha, the most important being the activation of immune-inflammatory pathways. This chapter will present the complex and striking relationships between hepatitis C virus infection and central nervous system symptoms. A variety of approaches, which integrate the extensive research data (including molecular, brain imaging, and neuropsychological findings), will be discussed.

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Aspects of cognitive assessments and spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging in people with chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review

Carvalho

Lima

Araújo

et al. 2022

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Neurobiology and Neuroimaging of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus: Implications for Neuropsychiatry

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

The Loss of α- and β-Tubulin Proteins Are a Pathological Hallmark of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Natural Brain Ageing

The Loss of α- and β-Tubulin Proteins Are a Pathological Hallmark of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Natural Brain Ageing

Neurocognitive Impairments and Depression and Their Relationship to Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Aspects of cognitive assessments and spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging in people with chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review

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