Neurochemical excitation of thoracic propriospinal neurons improves hindlimb stepping in adult rats with spinal cord lesions

Cowley, Kristine C.; MacNeil, Brian; Chopek, Jeremy W.; Sutherland, S.; Schmidt, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.006

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These plots indicate that the bursting activity recorded at the thoracic level were phase-locked to the lumbar locomotor activity. As previously reported, there was a progressive caudorostral propagation of motor bursts along the thoracic segments (Falgairolle and Cazalets, 2007;Beliez et al, 2014). Indeed, computing the phase relationships between the bursting activity recorded from the various ventral roots and the right L2 showed that the phase value increased from the caudal to rostral ipsilateral thoracic segments (rT12/rL2, 17.8 Ϯ 10.2°; rT10/rL2, 40.7 Ϯ 11.7°; rT6/rL2, 62.0 Ϯ 12.5°; rT4/rL2, 63.2 Ϯ 16.8°).…”

Section: Coordination Of Thoracolumbar Activity Patterns During Fictisupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Coordination of the trunk and limb muscles during locomotion has been described in humans (Thorstensson et al, 1982;de Sèze et al, 2008;Ceccato et al, 2009), rats (Gramsbergen et al, 1999, and cats (Carlson et al, 1979;Zomlefer et al, 1984), and evidence for a central coordination mechanism was obtained from experiments in cats (Koehler et al, 1984) and neonatal rats (Falgairolle and Cazalets, 2007). So far, however, most of our knowledge about how the motor control of the trunk is achieved during locomotion has been derived from undulatory species in which the trunk is the core of the locomotor system (Matsushima and Grillner, 1992;Roberts et al, 1998;Hagevik and McClellan, 1999;Grillner and Wallen, 2002;Cohen, 1987; for review, see Falgairolle et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, we showed that the thoracic cord was able to generate slow nonlocomotor rhythmic bursting when isolated from the lumbar enlargement by a transection of the cord at the T12/T13 level (in 75% of cases with bath application of NMA plus either 5-HT or DA; Falgairolle and Cazalets, 2007). In the present work, following the same transection, bath application of NMA/5-HT elicited rhythmic activity in 6 of 18 preparations, as illustrated in Figure 2C1,C2.…”

Section: Conditional Rhythmogenic Capacity Of the Isolated Thoracic Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kinematic and electromyographic analyses of locomotor behavior in vertebrates have shown that these two requirements are achieved through an organized pattern of activation of muscles in the hindlimbs, forelimbs, and axial body segments. This implies that synergistic operations take place between the supraspinal and spinal premotoneuronal networks involved in locomotion and posture (Grillner et al, 1995;Falgairolle et al, 2006;Rossignol et al, 2006;Deliagina et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, using an isolated spinal cord preparation of newborn rats, we showed that the thoracic segments, in which the back-muscle motoneurons are distributed, displayed motor bursts in a 1:1 phase relationship with the lumbar motor bursts during locomotor-like activity (Falgairolle and Cazalets, 2007). A similar 1:1 relationship has also been found in intact adult rats (Gramsbergen et al, 1999), in contrast to cats (Koehler et al, 1984;Zomlefer et al, 1984) and humans (Thorstensson et al, 1982;de Sèze et al, 2008) where two back-muscle bursts per locomotor cycle occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of Thoracic Spinal Network Activity during Locomotor-Like Activity in the Neonatal Rat

et al. 2015

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Effective quadrupedal locomotor behaviors require the coordination of many muscles in the limbs, back, neck, and tail. Because of the spinal motoneuronal somatotopic organization, motor coordination implies interactions among distant spinal networks. Here, we investigated some of the interactions between the lumbar locomotor networks that control limb movements and the thoracic networks that control the axial muscles involved in trunk movement. For this purpose, we used an in vitro isolated newborn rat spinal cord (from T2 to sacrococcygeal) preparation. Using extracellular ventral root recordings, we showed that, while the thoracic cord possesses an intrinsic rhythmogenic capacity, the lumbar circuits, if they are rhythmically active, will entrain the rhythmicity of the thoracic circuitry. However, if the lumbar circuits are rhythmically active, these latter circuits will entrain the rhythmicity of the thoracic circuitry. Blocking the synaptic transmission in some thoracic areas revealed that the lumbar locomotor network could trigger locomotor bursting in distant thoracic segments through short and long propriospinal pathways. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that 72% of the thoracic motoneurons (locomotor-driven motoneurons) expressed membrane potential oscillations and spiking activity coordinated with the locomotor activity expressed by the lumbar cord. A biphasic excitatory (glutamatergic)/inhibitory (glycinergic) synaptic drive was recorded in thoracic locomotor-driven motoneurons. Finally, we found evidence that part of this locomotor drive involved a monosynaptic component coming directly from the lumbar locomotor network. We conclude that the lumbar locomotor network plays a central role in the generation of locomotor outputs in the thoracic cord by acting at both the premotoneuronal and motoneuronal levels.

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Section: Coordination Of Thoracolumbar Activity Patterns During Fictisupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conditional Rhythmogenic Capacity Of the Isolated Thoracic Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of Thoracic Spinal Network Activity during Locomotor-Like Activity in the Neonatal Rat

et al. 2015

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The tracts, cytoarchitecture, and neurochemistry of the spinal cord

Tan

Faull

Curtis

2022

The Anatomical Record

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The human spinal cord can be described using a range of nomenclatures with each providing insight into its structure and function. Here we have comprehensively reviewed the key literature detailing the general structure, configuration of tracts, the cytoarchitecture of Rexed's laminae, and the neurochemistry at the spinal segmental level. The purpose of this review is to detail current anatomical understanding of how the spinal cord is structured and to aid researchers in identifying gaps in the literature that need to be studied to improve our knowledge of the spinal cord which in turn will improve the potential of therapeutic intervention for disorders of the spinal cord.

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