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PrefaceDL was developed in our research group over the past 15, or so, years. The book disseminates this breakthrough mathematical-engineering idea, which results in 100 times improvement and better in classical algorithmic areas that have been intensively studied for decades. Initial developments in DL were described in "Neural Networks and Intellect," by L. Perlovsky, Oxford University Press, 2001 (which is now in the 3rd printing). The current book describes new breakthrough results developed during the last eight years. First we present the basic technique of DL, explain the fundamental mathematical reason why classical techniques in many areas fail for real-world problems, and how DL overcomes this difficulty. We discuss the algorithmic failure of many techniques to reach informationtheoretic performance bounds, relate it to computational complexity, and ultimately to the Gödel theory (it turns out that all past algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy systems, used logic at some step and were subject to Gödelian limitations).Then we describe a number of applications where significant breakthrough improvements were achieved over popular state-of-the-art techniques (detection, clustering, supervised and unsupervised learning, tracking, sensor fusion, prediction, and particularly financial prediction). We follow with novel engineering areas, where revolutionary results were obtained. The theory is extended toward mathematical modeling of the mind, including higher cognitive functions, beyond anything that has been published in engineering books (no competition): mechanisms of the mind-brain (recent neuroimaging experiments proved that brain is actually using DL computations), applications to learning natural language, to language-understanding search engines for the Internet, to modeling interactions between language and cognition, language and emotions, evolution of languages, evolution of cultures, the role of music in evolution of the mind and cultures.The mind is the best mechanism for solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, it is just natural that developing engineering algorithms and modeling the mind goes hand in hand. Solving complex engineering problems helps understand working of the mind, and cognitively-inspired algorithms work better than classical engineering methods. This approach to engineering is called computational intelligence.The book is based on about 200 papers published over the last several years describing DL and its applications. Many of them were important events attracting attention and receiving awards. Every book chapter is written anew, all are unified by a common theme -mathematical technique of dynamic logic and by consistent notations. The book is written for students as well as seasoned professionals, it VI Preface contains details about applications, algorithms, notations, flowcharts, details that are missing in the papers. DL is easy to use as a textbook or manual. Engineering improvements achieved make it stand out over other texts.The book contains two parallel tracks...
PrefaceDL was developed in our research group over the past 15, or so, years. The book disseminates this breakthrough mathematical-engineering idea, which results in 100 times improvement and better in classical algorithmic areas that have been intensively studied for decades. Initial developments in DL were described in "Neural Networks and Intellect," by L. Perlovsky, Oxford University Press, 2001 (which is now in the 3rd printing). The current book describes new breakthrough results developed during the last eight years. First we present the basic technique of DL, explain the fundamental mathematical reason why classical techniques in many areas fail for real-world problems, and how DL overcomes this difficulty. We discuss the algorithmic failure of many techniques to reach informationtheoretic performance bounds, relate it to computational complexity, and ultimately to the Gödel theory (it turns out that all past algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy systems, used logic at some step and were subject to Gödelian limitations).Then we describe a number of applications where significant breakthrough improvements were achieved over popular state-of-the-art techniques (detection, clustering, supervised and unsupervised learning, tracking, sensor fusion, prediction, and particularly financial prediction). We follow with novel engineering areas, where revolutionary results were obtained. The theory is extended toward mathematical modeling of the mind, including higher cognitive functions, beyond anything that has been published in engineering books (no competition): mechanisms of the mind-brain (recent neuroimaging experiments proved that brain is actually using DL computations), applications to learning natural language, to language-understanding search engines for the Internet, to modeling interactions between language and cognition, language and emotions, evolution of languages, evolution of cultures, the role of music in evolution of the mind and cultures.The mind is the best mechanism for solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, it is just natural that developing engineering algorithms and modeling the mind goes hand in hand. Solving complex engineering problems helps understand working of the mind, and cognitively-inspired algorithms work better than classical engineering methods. This approach to engineering is called computational intelligence.The book is based on about 200 papers published over the last several years describing DL and its applications. Many of them were important events attracting attention and receiving awards. Every book chapter is written anew, all are unified by a common theme -mathematical technique of dynamic logic and by consistent notations. The book is written for students as well as seasoned professionals, it VI Preface contains details about applications, algorithms, notations, flowcharts, details that are missing in the papers. DL is easy to use as a textbook or manual. Engineering improvements achieved make it stand out over other texts.The book contains two parallel tracks...
The common factor that underlies several types of functional brain imaging is the electric current of masses of dendrites. The prodigious demands for the energy that is required to drive the dendritic currents are met by hemodynamic and metabolic responses that are visualized with fMRI and PET techniques. The high current densities in parallel dendritic shafts and the broad distributions of the loop currents outside the dendrites generate both the scalp EEG and the magnetic fields seen in the MEG. The. Measurements of image intensities and potential fields provide state variables for modeling. The relationships between the intensities of current density and the electric, magnetic, and hemodynamic state variables are complex and far from proportionate. The state variables are complementary, because the information they convey comes from differing albeit overlapping neural populations, so that efforts to cross-validate localization of neural activity relating to specified cognitive behaviors have not always been successful. We propose an alternative way to use the three methods in combination through studies of hemisphere-wide, high-resolution spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity recorded non-invasively and analyzed with multivariate statistics. Success in this proposed endeavor requires specification of what patterns to look for. At the present level of understanding, an appropriate pattern is any significant departure from random noise in the spectral, temporal and spatial domains that can be scaled into the coarse-graining of time by fMRI/BOLD and the coarse-graining of space by EEG and MEG. Here the requisite patterns are predicted to be largescale spatial amplitude modulation (AM) of synchronized neuronal signals in the beta and gamma ranges that are coordinated but not correlated with fMRI intensities.
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