Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological Significance of Bcl-2 Positive Solid Papillary Carcinoma

Okubo, Yoichiro; Okubo, Takuji; Okubo, Y.; Ishiwatari, Takao

doi:10.1155/2016/9501410

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Two of the SPC cases with NE differentiation in our series were pure SPC, and 13 cases with invasive breast carcinoma (five cases MC, five cases IC-NST, three cases IC-NST + MC) developed on an SPC backround. SPC usually arises in the seventh or eighth decade and has a better prognosis than other breast cancers (13,14). Concordantly, the mean age of patients with SPC in our series was 62.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The most common form of NE breast tumor-solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) and mucinous carcinoma (MC) is a suitable example of diagnostic and conceptual challenges with NET (8,13,14). However, SPC is a distinctive clinico-pathological entity that often expresses NE markers.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No significant difference was found between these MC cases and the NET/NE differentiation group in terms of classification of pT and pN rate of DCIS, grade, hormone receptor positivity, age, follow-up time and Ki-67 score. SPC is a rare form of breast carcinoma composed of large circumscribed nests of small monotonous polygonal to spindled cells, fine fibrovascular cores, and a round to elongated nucleus, plus finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm (1,13,14). NE differentiation is present in up to 50% of cases.…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Breast: Single-Center Experience

Hasbay¹,

Aytaç²,

Bolat³

2022

EJBH

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Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Breast: Single-Center Experience

Hasbay¹,

Aytaç²,

Bolat³

2022

EJBH

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“…Further discussion is warranted regarding the proliferative activity of GP. Previous studies ( 4 , 9 ) have shown that GP has no significant mitotic figures or Ki-67 protein, tumor protein p53, and B-cell lymphoma two immunoexpression, which are prognostic factors for several types of NETs ( 40 – 42 ), irrespective of the presence of LNM. Thus, general immunohistochemical prognostic factors in NETs are not useful for assessing the malignant potential of GP tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Diagnosis, Pathological Findings, and Clinical Management of Gangliocytic Paraganglioma: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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Background: Although gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is considered a rare benign neuroendocrine tumor, cases of mortality have been reported. Occasionally, GP is misdiagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor G1, which is associated with a poorer prognosis than GP. To avoid such misdiagnoses, it is important to understand the clinicopathological characteristics of GP. Thus, herein, we discuss the current literature on the clinicopathological characteristics of GP.Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. PubMed and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina searches were used to identify papers describing GP. Inclusion criteria included confirmation of epithelioid, spindle-shaped, and ganglion-like cells in the main article and/or figures and whether the paper was cited in other studies of GP. Data were collected on age, sex, site of the primary lesion, tumor size, treatment, prognosis, lymph node metastasis (LNM), depth of tumor invasion, rate of preoperative diagnosis, and clinical symptoms.Results: In total, 162 papers containing 263 cases of GP met the criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.5 years. The male-to-female ratio was 157:104. The mean tumor size was 25.7 mm. The predominant site of the primary tumor was the duodenum (89.7%). The most common clinical sign of GP was gastrointestinal bleeding (47.9%). Other signs and symptoms of GP included abdominal pain (44.7%), anemia (20.3%), incidental findings (12.9%), nausea (6.9%), weight loss (5.5%), general fatigue (5.1%), jaundice (4.6%), and incidental autopsy findings (5.1%). LNM was observed in 11.4% of patients. Liver metastasis was observed in 1.1% of patients. Depth of tumor invasion (penetrating beyond the submucosal layer or sphincter of Oddi) was by far the most significant risk factor for LNM in patients with GP. This suggests, along with histological heterogeneity, that GP may have hamartomatous characteristics. Furthermore, immunohistochemical expression of progesterone receptor and pancreatic polypeptide were useful in distinguishing between GP and neuroendocrine tumor G1, even in small biopsy specimens.Conclusions: We reveal the clinicopathological characteristics of GP, including risk factors for LNM, differential diagnostic approaches, and improvements in the clinical management of this tumor.In addition, GP may have hamartomatous characteristics.

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“…Meanwhile, what is intriguing for us is that no significant correlations were identified between the Ki-67 labeling index and any parameter (age, sex, the maximum tumor diameter, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, MVD, LMVD, and lymph node metastasis). In general, Ki-67 labeling index is regarded as a prognostic factor for many neoplasms [ 7 , 28 – 33 ]. However, we wish to emphasize that Ki-67 labeling index is not an absolute prognostic factor in hindgut NET cases with the relatively low level of proliferative activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with the progression and metastases of hindgut neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective study

Okubo¹,

Kasajima²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2017

BMC Cancer

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BackgroundThe worldwide incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has increased remarkably, with the hindgut being the second most common site for such tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying progression and metastasis of hindgut NETs are unclear. A retrospective study was conducted to elucidate these mechanisms.MethodsClinicopathological data of cases of hindgut NET between April 1996 and September 2015 were analyzed, retrospectively. Patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma were excluded. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of hindgut NET cases were subjected to detailed morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and chi-squared test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted as appropriate for the data set.ResultsFifty-six hindgut NET cases were considered. Microvessel density and lymphatic microvessel density were identified as significant risk factors for venous and lymphatic invasion. There was a positive correlation between microvessel density and the maximum tumor diameter. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the maximum tumor diameter alone was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis, whereas lymphovascular invasion and MVD was not the predictor of lymph node metastasis. There were no significant correlations between the Ki-67 labeling index and any of the parameters evaluated including age, sex, the maximum tumor diameter, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, microvessel density, lymphatic microvessel density, and lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsAngiogenic mechanisms may play important roles in the progression of hindgut NET. Otherwise, the maximum tumor diameter alone was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in hindgut NETs. Moreover, our study raises the question of whether the presence of lymphovascular invasion, in endoscopically obtained hindgut NET tissues, is an absolute indication for additional surgery or not.

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Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological Significance of Bcl-2 Positive Solid Papillary Carcinoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Breast: Single-Center Experience

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Breast: Single-Center Experience

Diagnosis, Pathological Findings, and Clinical Management of Gangliocytic Paraganglioma: A Systematic Review

Risk factors associated with the progression and metastases of hindgut neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective study

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