Neuroendocrine Inflammatory Responses in Overweight/Obese Infants

Camargos, Ana Cristina Resende; Mendonça, Vanessa Amaral; Andrade, Camila Alves de; Oliveira, Katherine Simone Caires; Tossige-Gomes, Rosalina; Rocha‐Vieira, Etel; Neves, Camila Danielle Cunha; Vieira, Érica Leandro Marciano; Leite, Hércules Ribeiro; Oliveira, Murilo Xavier; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio; Coimbra, Cândido Celso

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167593

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The consequences of obesity-associated hypercortisolism in obese children are understudied. Previous work reporting on serum morning cortisol was either restricted to Latino youth under 14 years of age [ 6 ], obese infants [ 7 ], or excluded subjects with arterial hypertension [ 8 ]. Most of the studies lacked data on body composition [ 4 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and biological correlates of morning serum cortisol in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity

et al. 2021

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Background and aim A fraction of children with obesity have increased serum cortisol levels. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of obese children and adolescents with elevated morning serum cortisol levels and the relationship between the cortisol levels and components of the metabolic syndrome. Methods Retrospective medical record review study of children aged 4 to 18 years with overweight or obesity seen for obesity management in the Pediatric Obesity Clinic of the UZ Brussel between 2013 and 2015. Results A total of 234 children (99 boys and 135 girls) with overweight (BMI z-score > 1.3) without underlying endocrine or genetic conditions were included. Mean (SD) age was 10.1 (2.8) years, BMI SD-score 2.5 (0.6), and body fat percentage 37% (7.9). Serum fasting cortisol levels were elevated (>180 μg/L) in 49 children, normal (62–180 μg/L) in 168, and decreased (<62 μg/L) in 12. Serum fasting cortisol was not significantly correlated with gender, age, or degree of adiposity. But correlated significantly with fasting glucose (Rs = 0.193; p < 0.005), triglycerides (Rs = 0. 143; p < 0.05), fibrinogen (Rs = 0.144; p < 0.05) and leptin levels (Rs = 0.145; p < 0.05). After adjustment for serum insulin and leptin, the correlation between serum cortisol and fasting glucose remained significant. Conclusion Elevated morning serum cortisol levels were found in 20% of overweight or obese children and adolescents, irrespective of the degree of adiposity, and were associated with higher fasting glucose, irrespective of underlying insulin resistance. The long-term cardiometabolic consequences of hypercortisolemia in childhood obesity needs further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and biological correlates of morning serum cortisol in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity

et al. 2021

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“…These molecules play key roles in appetite and metabolic function, as well as inflammatory processes [19, 20]. In turn, this can further impact superoxide release and promote oxidative stress [21, 22]. These molecules also mediate their effects by acting on immune cells leading to local and generalized inflammation thus impacting obesity related disorders (hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance) [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalase overexpression modulates metabolic parameters in a new ‘stress-less’ leptin-deficient mouse model

Amos

Robinson

Massie

et al. 2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

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Oxidative stress plays a key role in obesity by modifying the function of important biological molecules, thus altering obesogenic pathways such as glucose and lipid signaling. Catalase, is an important endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catabolizes hydrogen peroxide produced by the dismutation of superoxide. Recent studies have shown knockdown of catalase exacerbates insulin resistance and leads to obesity. We hypothesized that overexpressing catalase in an obese mouse will modulate obesogenic pathways and protect against obesity. Therefore, we bred catalase transgenic ([Tg(CAT)+/−] mice with Ob/Ob mice to generate the hybrid “Bob-Cat” mice. This newly generated “stress-less” mouse model had decreased oxidative stress (oxidized carbonylated proteins). ECHO-MRI showed lower fat mass but higher lean mass in “Bob-Cat” mice. Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) showed light and dark cycle increase in energy expenditure in Bob-Cat mice compared to wild type controls. Circulating levels of leptin and resistin showed no change. Catalase mRNA expression was increased in key metabolic tissues (adipose, liver, intestinal mucosa, and brain) of the Bob-Cat mouse. Catalase activity, mRNA and protein expression was increased in adipose tissue. Expression of the major adipokines leptin and adiponectin was increased while pro-inflammatory genes, MCP-1/JE and IL-1β were lowered. Interestingly, sexual dimorphism was seen in body composition, energy expenditure, and metabolic parameters in the Bob-Cat mice. Overall, the characteristics of the newly generated “Bob-Cat” mice make it an ideal model for studying the effect of redox modulators (diet/exercise) in obesity.

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“…In human studies, there is no evidence to date as to how changes in the mother's BDNF values have a long-term effect on the metabolic pattern in the offspring. Camargos et al [120] evaluated adipokines, cortisol, BDNF, and redox status in 25 overweight/obese infants versus 25 normal-weight peers between six and 24 months of age. Overweight or obese infants presented higher levels of leptin, adiponectin, BDNF, and cortisol and lower levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), as well as catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, than their normal-weight peers.…”

Section: Early-life Programming and The Influence Of Different Adipokmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Health—The Role of Adipo-Myokines

Gräf

Ferrari

2019

IJMS

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Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic. In recent years, different phenotypes of obesity, ranging from metabolically healthy normal weight to metabolically unhealthy obese, were described. Although there is no standardized definition for these phenotypes or for metabolic health, the influence of lifestyle and early-life factors is undisputed. In this context, the ratio of muscle-to-fat tissue seems to play a crucial role. Both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are highly heterogeneous endocrine organs secreting several hormones, with myokines and adipokines being involved in local autocrine/paracrine interactions and crosstalk with other tissues. Some of these endocrine factors are secreted by both tissues and are, therefore, termed adipo-myokines. High (cardiorespiratory) fitness as a surrogate parameter for an active lifestyle is epidemiologically linked to “better” metabolic health, even in the obese; this may be partly due to the role of adipo-myokines and the crosstalk between adipose and muscle tissue. Therefore, it is essential to consider (cardiovascular) fitness in the definition of metabolically healthy obese/metabolic health and to perform longitudinal studies in this regard. A better understanding of both the (early-life) lifestyle factors and the underlying mechanisms that mediate different phenotypes is necessary for the tailored prevention and personalized treatment of obesity.

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Neuroendocrine Inflammatory Responses in Overweight/Obese Infants

Cited by 8 publications

References 59 publications

Clinical and biological correlates of morning serum cortisol in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity

Clinical and biological correlates of morning serum cortisol in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity

Catalase overexpression modulates metabolic parameters in a new ‘stress-less’ leptin-deficient mouse model

Metabolic Health—The Role of Adipo-Myokines

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