Neuroendocrine Responses to Intravenous Tryptophan in Major Depression

Cowen, Philip J.; Charig, Eileen M.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800230038008

Cited by 128 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Further, it is noteworthy that similar neuroendocrine responsivity noted among healthy adolescents and healthy adults may not generalize to depressed patients. For instance, as part of an ongoing larger study, we have earlier reported (Ghaziuddin et al, 2000) augmented PRL and cortisol responses to mCPP among depressed adolescents, which was in contrast to reduced PRL responsivity found in the majority of studies involving depressed adults (Maes et al, 1989;Cowen and Charig, 1987;Lopez-Ibor et al, 1989). It is possible that dissimilar neuroendocrine responses among depressed adolescents and adults, despite similar neuroendocrine responses among healthy adolescents and healthy adults, may reflect an interaction between developmental and depressed status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Central Serotonergic Effects of m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) among Normal Control Adolescents

Ghaziuddin¹,

Welch

Greden

2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Central serotonin function was studied among 21 adolescents (12 males, 9 females), mean age 14.4 7 1.5 years. A placebo-controlled design was used to measure three neuroendocrine hormones (prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone) following a challenge with the central serotonergic agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP). Infusion of mCPP resulted in augmented prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone release. Gender effects were significant for prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone. Females had higher baseline prolactin without significant interactions with infusion or time, cortisol levels were higher in males than in females at all time points without significant interactions with infusion or time, and the augmented growth hormone response to mCPP was limited to males. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and temperature were all mildly elevated following mCPP infusion. Side effects to mCPP infusion were mild and lasted approximately 20 min. We conclude that mCPP is useful in the study of serotonergic neuroendocrine hormones in adolescents, is well tolerated, and the levels of prolactin, cortisol and growth hormone are influenced by gender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Central Serotonergic Effects of m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) among Normal Control Adolescents

Ghaziuddin¹,

Welch

Greden

2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…19,20 The secretion of prolactin is regulated by 5-HTergic mechanisms in the brain. 322,323 Therefore, increased plasma prolactin can be interpreted as an index of enhanced brain serotonin function 324,325 and hypersensitivity of the 5-HTergic system. 326,327 Neuroendocrine responses to 5-HT agonists are an indication of postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, with relatively high hormonal responses being indicative of receptor hypersensitivity while relatively low hormonal responses suggest receptor hyposensitivity.…”

Section: Experimental Manipulations Of 5-ht In Relation To Sv Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

et al. 2006

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In recent years, the term serotonergic vulnerability (SV) has been used in scientific literature, but so far it has not been explicitly defined. This review article attempts to elucidate the SV concept. SV can be defined as increased sensitivity to natural or experimental alterations of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system. Several factors that may disrupt the 5-HTergic system and hence contribute to SV are discussed, including genetic factors, female gender, personality characteristics, several types of stress and drug use. It is explained that SV can be demonstrated by means of manipulations of the 5-HTergic system, such as 5-HT challenges or acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Results of 5-HT challenge studies and ATD studies are discussed in terms of their implications for the concept of SV. A model is proposed in which a combination of various factors that may compromise 5-HT functioning in one person can result in depression or other 5-HT-related pathology. By manipulating 5-HT levels, in particular with ATD, vulnerable subjects may be identified before pathology initiates, providing the opportunity to take preventive action. Although it is not likely that this model applies to all cases of depression, or is able to identify all vulnerable subjects, the strength of the model is that it may enable identification of vulnerable subjects before the 5-HT related pathology occurs. Molecular Psychiatry ( Keywords: serotonin; mood disorders; stress; genetics; sex; tryptophan Involvement of serotonin in depressionMood disorders are one of the most prevalent forms of mental illness. 1 According to the DSM-IV, the lifetime risk for major depressive disorder is between 10 and 25% for women and between 5 and 12% for men. 2 Depression has been studied intensively during the last few decades, but the psychological and neurobiological determinants of depression have not yet been precisely defined. Although several factors are known to contribute to the etiology of depression, it is not clear how these factors cause depression, and why some subjects become depressed while others remain unaffected. In terms of biological factors in the etiology of depression, there are several hypotheses. These include neurotransmitter dysfunctions (serotonin, 5-HT; dopamine, DA; norepinephrine, NE); dysregulations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity; and immune system imbalance. The aim of this article is not to discuss all of these hypotheses in detail, but to evaluate the role that serotonin may play within these hypothesized mechanisms.It is widely accepted that diminished serotonergic (5-HTergic) function is involved in the onset and course of depression. 3,4 The 5-HTergic system is a large and complex system. Although nearly all cell bodies of 5-HTergic neurons are located in the raphe nuclei in the brain stem, the axons of these neurons innervate almost the entire brain. The actions of 5-HT are mediated by 16 types and subtypes of receptors. 5 As the 5-HTergic system is assumed to be a modulatory system, the exact func...

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“…1). An attenuated PRL response has been consistently observcd following the administration of a large dose of LTP, the amine acid precursor of 5-HT Cowen and Charig, 1984;Priee et al 1989b;Deakin et al 1990). The 5-HT1A receptor antagonist…”

Section: -Ht1a Receptors In Major Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin1A Receptor Activation by Flesinoxan in Humans Body Temperature and Neuroendocrine Responses

Seletti

Benkelfat

Blier

et al. 1995

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Neuroendocrine Responses to Intravenous Tryptophan in Major Depression

Cited by 128 publications

References 48 publications

Central Serotonergic Effects of m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) among Normal Control Adolescents

Central Serotonergic Effects of m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) among Normal Control Adolescents

Serotonergic vulnerability and depression: assumptions, experimental evidence and implications

Serotonin1A Receptor Activation by Flesinoxan in Humans Body Temperature and Neuroendocrine Responses

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