Neurofunctional Intervention Approaches

Abstract

Neurofunctional approaches play the paramount functions in management of neurological disorders to improve the functional capability after impairments and activity limitations. These interventional approaches aligned with the neuroplasticity theories and all rely on repetition matters to build up engrams for the change of the brain function and activity performance. Affolter approach guides cognitive perceptual interaction through tactile-kinesthetic inputs. Neuromuscular facilitation relays the periphery information to the central nervous system by joint and muscle stimulus by using different techniques such stretching, irradiation, traction and approximation. Neurodevelopmental therapy manages the abnormal movement and postures through hands on facilitation of normal movement and inhibiting abnormal patterns movement. Roods approaches focus on the primitive reflexes through sensory stimuli to the targeted sensory receptors to initiate the appropriate motor pattern development. Brunnstrom approaches build on the synergies to provoke the engagement of the affected limbs. Task-oriented approaches are based on motor learning and involve repeat training with task-oriented activities. It is effective for improvement of the functional performance. It is a training method for encouraging functional movement with an interesting task. And also it improved the dexterity when applied using mixed interventions in hemiplegic.

Comparison between Task-Oriented Training and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercise on Upper Extremity Function in Spastic Cerebral Palsy

“…The comparison yields a p-value greater than 0.05, indicating no significant disparity between the two groups in terms of post-test mean values for AHA-22. Thus, the null hypothesis is accepted, signifying comparable improvements in assistive hand function for both intervention approaches (Nshimiyimana et al, 2023). Similarly, the analysis of mean values for the Manual Ability Measure (MAM-16) in Table 2 elucidates no significant difference in post-test mean scores between Group A (Task-Oriented Training) and Group B (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercise).…”

Bruxism in a Child with Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)—Case Report

“…It is essential to combine exercises that positively affect the patient's fitness with artistic elements that influence the mental and emotional sphere, which is as important as the physical one. Thanks to the interdisciplinary care of a team of specialists, a patient with Down syndrome becomes an independent individual who functions well in society and enjoys a good and long life [16].…”

“…Bruxism often has a psychological basis. Long-term stress and psychological trauma may contribute to increased tension of the jaw muscles, especially the masseter muscles, which leads to unconscious teeth clenching [16]. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, the minimum criteria for the diagnosis of sleep bruxism are the presence of frequent or regular (at least three nights a week for at least three months) teeth-grinding sounds during sleep and one of the following symptoms: abnormal tooth wear, transient morning fatigue or pain jaw muscles, transient headaches, or morning blockage of the temporomandibular joints [20].…”

Neurodevelopmental Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Review of the Literature

“…Neurofunctional approaches for the management of neurological disorders include the Affolter approach, Brunnstrom approach, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation devised by Dr. Herman Kabat, sensory stimulation for activation and inhibition developed by Margaret Rood, constraint-induced movement therapy, mirror therapy, task-oriented approach, and neurodevelopmental therapy/Bobath approach [ 5 ]. One of the most popular interventions among pediatric physiotherapists for managing CP globally is neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT).…”