Neuroimaging Advances in Diagnosis and Differentiation of HIV, Comorbidities, and Aging in the cART Era

Nir, Talia M.; Haddad, Elizabeth; Thompson, Paul M.; Jahanshad, Neda

doi:10.1007/7854_2021_221

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…What's more, the increasing life expectancy of PLWH www.nature.com/scientificreports/ benefitted from the modern cART administration renders the pathogenesis of neurocognitive impairments more complex, influenced by the interaction of aging and HIV infection [18][19][20][21] . Although factors such as cART and aging have not been suggested to interact with fMRI data, to avoid confounding factors, all patients enrolled in this study were receiving cART and without other disease factors 22 . Current HIV-NCI diagnosis criteria has rested on the severity of cognitive impairment on clinical presentation of patients and neurological exam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals with neurocognitive impairment revealed by fMRI

Chen

Wei

Tao

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Although the combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has considerably lowered the risk of HIV associated dementia (HAD), the incidence of neurocognitive impairments (NCI) has not decreased likely due to the insidious and slow progressive nature of HIV infection. Recent studies showed that the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a prominent technique in helping the non-invasive analysis of neucognitive impairment. Our study is to explore the neuroimaging characteristics among people living with HIV (PLWH) with or without NCI in terms of cerebral regional and neural network by rs-fMRI, based on the hypothesis that HIV patients with and without NCI have independent brain imaging characteristics. 33 PLWH with NCI and 33 PLWH without NCI, recruited from the Cohort of HIV-infected associated Chronic Diseases and Health Outcomes, Shanghai, China (CHCDO) which was established in 2018, were categorized into the HIV-NCI and HIV-control groups, respectively, based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) results. The two groups were matched in terms of sex, education and age. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from all participants to analyze the fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) to assess regional and neural network alterations in the brain. Correlations between fALFF/FC values in specific brain regions and clinical characteristics were also examined. The results showed increased fALFF values in the bilateral calcarine gyrus, bilateral superior occipital gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and left cuneus in the HIV-NCI group compared to the HIV-control group. Additionally, increased FC values were observed between the right superior occipital gyrus and right olfactory cortex, bilateral gyrus rectus, and right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus in the HIV-NCI group. Conversely, decreased FC values were found between the left hippocampus and bilateral medial prefrontal gyrus, as well as bilateral superior frontal gyrus. The study concluded that abnormal spontaneous activity in PLWH with NCI primarily occurred in the occipital cortex, while defects in brain networks were mostly associated with the prefrontal cortex. The observed changes in fALFF and FC in specific brain regions provide visual evidence to enhance our understanding of the central mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive impairment in HIV patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals with neurocognitive impairment revealed by fMRI

Chen

Wei

Tao

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…The effects of the neurocognitive impairment of HIV infection remains an issue in clinical practice such as causing a decrease in cART adherence. Despite modern cART administration increasing life expectancy, it appears that HIV can still induce negative cognitive and psychological effects as evident by the prevalence of HAND not decreasing [30,31] . It is worth noting that using the criteria of HAND, one must eliminate other potential etiologies of cognitive impairment, such as depression, vascular dementia(VD), diabetes or other diseases [1] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral regional and network abnormalities in HIV-infected with neurocognitive impairments: An fMRI study

Chen

Wei

Tao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Although the combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has considerably lowered the risk of HIV associated dementia (HAD), the incidence of neurocognitive impairments(NCI) have not decreased likely due to the insidious and slow progressive nature of HIV infection. Recent studies show that the rest state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a prominent technique in helping the non-invasive analysis of neucognitive impairment. Our study is to explore the neuroimaging characteristics among people living with HIV(PLW-HIV) with or without NCI in terms of cerebral regional and neural network by rs-fMRI, based on the hypothesis that HIV patients with and without NCI have independent brain imaging characteristics. 33 HIV subjects with NCI and 33 HIV subjects without NCI, classified into HIV-NCI group and HIV-control group respectively according to Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) results. The fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) were calculated to characterize the cerebral regional and neural network alterations. Finally, the correlation among fALFF/FC values in certain cerebral regions and clinical characteristics were calculated. Compared to the HIV-control group, the fALFF values of bilateral calcarine gyrus, bilateral superior occipital gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, left cuneus in the HIV-NCI group were increased. The FC values between right superior occipital gyrus and right olfactory cortex, bilateral gyrus rectus, right orbital part of middle frontal gyrus in the HIV-NCI group were increased. The FC values between left hippocampus and bilateral medial prefrontal gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus were decreased. The fALFF values of left cuneus in both two groups was negatively correlated with international HIV dementia scale scores (IHDS) (R=-0.255, P=0.037) ; The fALFF values of left calcarine gyrus in both two groups was negatively correlated with MMSE scores (R=-0.316, P=0.009) ; The FC values between right superior occipital gyrus and right olfactory cortex (R=-0.396, P=0.001) in both two groups was negatively correlated with MMSE scores. Our study showed that the abnormal fMRI patterns in specific brain regions of the occipital cortex, while the defects in brain network mostly associated with prefrontal cortex, were associated with HIV-related cognitive impairment. The variation of fALFF and FC in given brain regions can be used to distinguish HIV subjects with and without cognitive impairment.

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Alzheimer’s disease as a viral disease: Revisiting the infectious hypothesis

Bruno,

Abondio,

Bruno

et al. 2023

Ageing Research Reviews

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Neuroimaging Advances in Diagnosis and Differentiation of HIV, Comorbidities, and Aging in the cART Era

Cited by 3 publications

References 202 publications

Cerebral abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals with neurocognitive impairment revealed by fMRI

Cerebral abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals with neurocognitive impairment revealed by fMRI

Cerebral regional and network abnormalities in HIV-infected with neurocognitive impairments: An fMRI study

Alzheimer’s disease as a viral disease: Revisiting the infectious hypothesis

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